Temperature and Salinity Effects on the Acute Toxicity of Cadmium to Laomedea loveni (Hydrozoa)

Theede, H.; Scholz, Nathaniel L.; Fischer, H.

doi:10.3354/meps001013

Cited by 35 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…After 7 days of exposure at 17.5 ~ and 10 %0 S, irreversible retraction of 50% of the hydranths takes place at a concentration of --3 fig Cd 1-L This concentration is only about 5-6 times higher than the highest Cd concentration recorded in the heavily contaminated inner Kiel Fjord (western Baltic Sea). It is 10-100 times higher than the estimated average Cd concentration in the Baltic Sea (Theede et al, 1979b).…”

Section: Effects Of Environmental Factors On Toxicitymentioning

confidence: 61%

“…These are, for example, larvae of oysters and crustaceans or fish embryos, which are considerably more sensitive to heavy metals than are the reproductive adult stages. Marine hydroid polyps also respond sensitively to heavy metals (Karbe, 1972;Stebbing, 1976;Fischer, 1978): e. g. Laomedea loveni responds even to cadmium concentrations in the low #g 1-1 range (Scholz et al, 1978;Theede et al, 1979b). However, experimental determination of tolerance limits must take abiotic environmental factors into account, because they may be of importance for in-situ survival, especially in estuaries and coastal areas (Eisler, 1971;Olson & Harrel, 1973;von Westernhagen et al, 1974;Jones, 1975;Rosenberg & Costlow, 1976;Sullivan, 1977;Voyer et al, 1977;Weis & Weis, 1978;Lehnberg & Theede, 1979;Theede et al, 1979b).…”

Section: Effects Of Environmental Factors On Toxicitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Consequently, critical limits for acute toxicity established under normal marine conditions may not automatically be applicable to conditions prevailing in estuaries or in the Baltic Sea (Theede et al, 1979b). This may also explain the more TemperQture (~ Fig.…”

Section: Effects Of Environmental Factors On Toxicitymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Physiological responses of estuarine animals to cadmium pollution

Theede

1980

Helgolander Meeresunters

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Toxic effects of cadmium contamination may be observed at all levels of organismic organization. In estuarine areas the sensitivity of euryhaline species to acute Cd toxicity is strongly modified by various abiotic factors, whereas long-term threshold values are less dependent on environmental parameters. Experiments with larval stages of the mollusc Mytilus edulis reveal that Cd effects on life functions such as development and growth are differentially modified by temperature and salinity. High Cd concentrations can be accumulated by adult bivaives of coastal areas without signs of physiological damage. Mechanisms of heavy-metal detoxication in these molluscs seem to be quite different from those known to exist in vertebrates. Among decapod crustaceans, stenoecous species tend to exhibit higher rates of Cd uptake than euryoecous ones.Rates of Cd uptake and of accumulation depend on external and internal factors. In adult Nereis succinea individuals sublethal Cd effects have been recorded on growth and food conversion (in terms of energy content).

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Section: Effects Of Environmental Factors On Toxicitymentioning

confidence: 61%

Section: Effects Of Environmental Factors On Toxicitymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Physiological responses of estuarine animals to cadmium pollution

Theede

1980

Helgolander Meeresunters

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“…Whereas some marine organisms are very sensitive to certain heavy metals (e. g. Karbe, 1972;Theede et al, 1979b) others are resistent and can accumulate them to a high degree from sea water. Their heavy-metal burden, either of the whole body or of single organs, may reflect the corresponding metal concentrations in the environment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Accumulation, loss and molecular distribution of cadmium inMytilus edulis

Scholz

1980

Helgolander Meeresunters

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In Mytilus edulis, accumulation and loss of Cd were analyzed under experimental conditions. Cd uptake by the whole soft body is linear, increasing significantly with increasing Cd concentrations in the uptake medium. Until 100 #g Cd 1-1, neither limitation of uptake nor any saturation process can be observed. Loss of Cd, measured after transfer of experimentally contaminated mussels to natural sea water, is exponential; biological half lives vary between 14 and 29 days. Gills are the primary sites of Cd uptake from the water, whereas in mid-gut gland, kidney, and mantle the uptake is retarded during the first few days. The mid-gut gland not only bears the main body load of Cd, but also shows the highest Cd concentrations. Gel chromatographic studies of midgut gland proteins reveal that Cd is eluated over the whole molecular weight range. Three metallothionein-like proteins with molecular weights of 6,600, 13,200, and 21,000 Dalton could be established. However, they cannot be taken as effective detoxification proteins, because more than 50 % of the accumulated metal is bound to high molecular weight proteins.

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“…The harpacticoid copepod Nitocra spinipes (Bengtsson 1978) exhibits intermediate sensitivities with an 96 h LC 50 of 1.8 pprn Cd. The hydroids Laomedea loveni (Theede et al 1979) and Eirene vin'dula (Karbe 1972) are particularly sensitive to Cd exposures; their LC 50 values range from 3 to 80 ppb (168 h), and from 100 to 300 ppb Cd, respectively ('akute Schadwirkungen'). The freshwater Daphnia magna is also very sensitive compared with the nematodes; it has a 48 h LC 50 of 65 ppb Cd (Biesinger & Christensen 1972).…”

Section: Sensitivity To Heavy Metalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toxicity of cadmium to free-living marine and brackish water nematodes (Monhystera microphthalma, Monhystera dis-juncta, Pellioditis marina)

Vranken¹,

Vanderhaeghen²,

Heip³

1985

Dis. Aquat. Org.

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Cadmium toxicity to 3 marine and brackish-water nematodes (Monhystera microphthalma, M. disjuncta, Pellioditis marina) was estimated under static tests. These nematodes are very resistant to cadmium poisoning. LC 50 values are extremely time-dependent; an exposure time of 96 h underestimates the degree of toxicity. For M. rnicrophthalrna LC 50 values decreased from 23.6 ppm after 96 h to 5.4 ppm after 312 h. For M. disjuncta LC 50 values were 21.2 and 18.4 ppm after 192 and 264 h respectively. P. marina was much more tolerant to cadmium in comparison with the monhysterids and had LC 50 values of 90.5 ppm at 120, and of 77.0 ppm at 192 h. It is argued that MEC (minimum effective concentrations) values are ecologically more meaningful than LC 50 values, and that the former levels can be used as indicators of intolerable thresholds in the field. MEC values based on mortality and on a developmental assay in which success in attaining the adult stage was studied, turned out to be very similar. The developmental assay takes less time than the survival assays and the slope of the response curve can be used as a parameter for describing species sensitivity.

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Temperature and Salinity Effects on the Acute Toxicity of Cadmium to Laomedea loveni (Hydrozoa)

Cited by 35 publications

References 29 publications

Physiological responses of estuarine animals to cadmium pollution

Physiological responses of estuarine animals to cadmium pollution

Accumulation, loss and molecular distribution of cadmium inMytilus edulis

Toxicity of cadmium to free-living marine and brackish water nematodes (Monhystera microphthalma, Monhystera dis-juncta, Pellioditis marina)

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