Temperature- and pH-dependence of albite dissolution rate at acid pH

Chen, Yang; Brantley, Susan L.

doi:10.1016/s0009-2541(96)00126-x

Cited by 151 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…The degree of inhibition is proportional to the Al activity in solution. The catalytic effect of lower pH values is also well known (Chen and Brantley, 1997;Knauss and Wolery, 1986).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

The mineral dissolution rate conundrum: Insights from reactive transport modeling of U isotopes and pore fluid chemistry in marine sediments

Maher

Steefel

DePaolo

et al. 2006

Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta

241

206

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“…The degree of inhibition is proportional to the Al activity in solution. The catalytic effect of lower pH values is also well known (Chen and Brantley, 1997;Knauss and Wolery, 1986).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

The mineral dissolution rate conundrum: Insights from reactive transport modeling of U isotopes and pore fluid chemistry in marine sediments

Maher

Steefel

DePaolo

et al. 2006

Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta

241

206

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“…Papers on laboratory experiments include: synthesis of H-exchanged sanidine (11)(12); infrared spectroscopy of H-feldspar (13); polarized infrared spectros-copy of molecular water in Eifel sanidine (14); various dissolution experiments in the laboratory (15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22); adsorption of protons on adularia (23); adsorption of polyacrylamine (24); interaction of aquated Pb, Cd, and Cu cations with perthite (25); stationary and mobile H defects in K feldspar (26); formation of a nanometer-scale, silica-rich amorphous layer on acid-treated feldspars (27)(28)(29)(30); demonstration that a plagioclase͞K feldspar mineral isolate from a weathered granodiorite loses silica at the same rate as in the arid Southern California climate after 4 years of comparable leaching in the laboratory (31); and description of de Saussure's (1794-1795) demonstration that mineral weathering was faster when heating was combined with periodic wetting, as for rocks in Nature (32).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Atmospheric weathering and silica-coated feldspar: Analogy with zeolite molecular sieves, granite weathering, soil formation, ornamental slabs, and ceramics

Smith

1998

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Feldspar surfaces respond to chemical, biological, and mechanical weathering. The simplest termination is hydroxyl (OH), which interacts with any adsorption layer. Acid leaching of alkalis and aluminum generated a silica-rich, nanometers-thick skin on certain feldspars. Natural K, Nafeldspars develop fragile surfaces as etch pits expand into micrometer honeycombs, possibly colonized by lichens. Most crystals have various irregular coats. Based on surfacecatalytic processes in molecular sieve zeolites, I proposed that some natural feldspars lose weakly bonded Al-OH (aluminol) to yield surfaces terminated by strongly bonded Si-OH (silanol). This might explain why some old feldspar-bearing rocks weather slower than predicted from brief laboratory dissolution. Lack of an Al-OH infrared frequency from a feldspar surface is consistent with such a silanol-dominated surface. Raman spectra of altered patches on acid-leached albite correspond with amorphous silica rather than hydroxylated silica-feldspar, but natural feldspar may respond differently. The crystal structure of H-exchanged feldspar provides atomic positions for computer modeling of complex ideas for silica-terminated feldspar surfaces. Natural weathering also depends on swings of temperature and hydration, plus transport of particles, molecules, and ionic complexes by rain and wind. Soil formation might be enhanced by crushing granitic outcrops to generate new Al-rich surfaces favorable for chemical and biological weathering. Ornamental slabs used by architects and monumental masons might last longer by minimizing mechanical abrasion during sawing and polishing and by silicifying the surface. Silica-terminated feldspar might be a promising ceramic surface.Chemical and physical changes in minerals underlie many aspects of human welfare. Agriculture depends on the interaction of soils with water, ionic and molecular species, and biological organisms. The weathering of feldspar minerals (1-4) from bedrock into clays is important for the production of food. Many laboratory experiments have measured the dissolution rate of feldspar minerals by water containing a wide range of ionic and molecular species, including organic acids relevant to biological weathering. Data are available for the range of feldspar chemistry from strongly acid to alkaline conditions (2, 3). Electron and chemical microscopy of feldspar surfaces is revealing a wealth of information on chemical and physical changes, including pitting, honeycombing, and selective dissolution (5). Only scattered data are available for the rate of weathering of feldspars in natural watersheds, but they indicate that natural atmospheric weathering of many rocks is slower than for short term laboratory experiments of crushed samples (2, 3). Casual examination of granite slabs in cemeteries and city buildings indicates that the alkali feldspars are weathering slowly unless mechanical spalling is occurring.

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“…If k 1 and k 2 are two dissolution rate constants at temperature T 1 and T 2 , respectively, then in that case the Arrhenius equation takes the form as (e.g. Brady and Walther 1992;Brady and Carroll 1994;Chen and Brantley 1996;White et al 1999):…”

Section: Formulae Usedmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geochemistry, dissolved elemental flux rates, and dissolution kinetics of lithologies of Alaknanda and Bhagirathi rivers in Himalayas, India

Yadav

Chakrapani

2010

Environ Earth Sci

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Alaknanda and Bhagirathi (AB) river basins in the Himalayan region in India expose lithologies comprising mainly of granites, low-high-grade metamorphics, shales and carbonates which, in conjunction with the monsoon rains and glacial melt, control water chemistry and dissolved elemental flux rates. In the present study, we monitored two locations: (a) Srinagar on the Alaknanda river and (b) Maneri on the Bhagirathi river for daily variations in total suspended sediments, major ions and dissolved silica over one complete year (July 2004-June 2005. Based on longterm discharge data, discharge-weighted composition and dissolved elemental flux rates (with respect to Ca, Mg, HCO 3 , Si) of the river were estimated. The information thus obtained has substantially added up to the existing chemical data of these rivers and has refined the flux rates. Our highfrequency samples provide informations such as (a) water chemical compositions that show a large temporal and spatial variation and (b) carbonate lithology that controls water chemistry predominantly. The dissolution kinetics of various lithologies namely leucogranite, gneiss, quartzite, phyllite and shale of the AB river basins were studied through batch experiments at controlled temperature (25 and 5°C) and pH (8.4) condition. In laboratory, these lithologies undergo slow rates of dissolution (10 -13 to 10 -15 mol/ m 2 s), while field weathering rates based on dissolved elemental flux rates in the AB rivers are much higher (10 -8 to 10 -9 mol/m 2 s). Extremely high physical weathering rates in AB rivers, which enhance chemical weathering significantly, mainly attribute this wide discrepancy in laboratoryderived rates of representative basin rocks and dissolved elemental fluxes in the field. However, laboratory-simulated experiments facilitate to quantify elemental release rates, understand the kinetics of the dissolution reactions, and compare their roles at individual level.

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Temperature- and pH-dependence of albite dissolution rate at acid pH

Cited by 151 publications

References 29 publications

The mineral dissolution rate conundrum: Insights from reactive transport modeling of U isotopes and pore fluid chemistry in marine sediments

The mineral dissolution rate conundrum: Insights from reactive transport modeling of U isotopes and pore fluid chemistry in marine sediments

Atmospheric weathering and silica-coated feldspar: Analogy with zeolite molecular sieves, granite weathering, soil formation, ornamental slabs, and ceramics

Geochemistry, dissolved elemental flux rates, and dissolution kinetics of lithologies of Alaknanda and Bhagirathi rivers in Himalayas, India

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