Temperature and moisture variability in the eastern Mediterranean region during Marine Isotope Stages 11–10 based on biomarker analysis of the Tenaghi Philippon peat deposit

Ardenghi, N.; Mulch, Andreas; Pross, Joerg; Kahmen, Ansgar; Niedermeyer, Eva M

doi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2019.105977

Cited by 21 publications

(20 citation statements)

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“…4) (Ziegler et al, 2010;Grant et al, 2016). Together our Ba/Ca-runoff record, along with rainfall records from Gulf of Lion which has a purely North Atlantic sourced rainfall (Pasquier et al, 2019) and Tenaghi Philippon (Greece) (Ardenghi et al, 2019) and Lake Ohird (Wagner et al 2019), support the hypothesis that the entire Northern Mediterranean borderland received increased North Atlantic moisture during the past interglacials. Additionally, our analysis of PIMP3 model simulations confirms a direct addition of late winter extra-Mediterranean (i.e.…”

Section: Contribution Of Western Mediterranean Precipitation In Sapropel Depositionsupporting

confidence: 77%

“…A North Atlantic connection of winter rainfall during the past interglacials on the Northern Mediterranean borderland was also suggested using palynological proxies from the Iberian margin (Amore et al, 2012) and more recently using geochemical proxies from the Gulf of Lion (Pasquier et al, 2019). Lipid isotopic records from Tenaghi Philippon (Greece) for the MIS 10-11 period also document North Atlantic moisture signal in winter precipitation (Ardenghi et al, 2019). Moreover, geochemical and mineralogical evidence from marine records in the central Mediterranean suggest that the North-African paleo-river systems were reactivated by enhanced summer monsoon precipitation, when the ITCZ penetrated sufficiently northward after the last deglaciation (Wu et al, 2017).…”

Section: Recent Extreme Rainfall Events Over the Northern Mediterranean Borderlands Have A Distinct Northmentioning

confidence: 81%

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Enhanced western mediterranean rainfall during past interglacials driven by North Atlantic pressure changes

Dixit

Toucanne

Fontanier

et al. 2020

Quaternary International

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Section: Contribution Of Western Mediterranean Precipitation In Sapropel Depositionsupporting

confidence: 77%

Section: Recent Extreme Rainfall Events Over the Northern Mediterranean Borderlands Have A Distinct Northmentioning

confidence: 81%

Enhanced western mediterranean rainfall during past interglacials driven by North Atlantic pressure changes

Dixit

Toucanne

Fontanier

et al. 2020

Quaternary International

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“…As ecological timescale might be conflicting with human timescale (Fresco and Kroonenberg, 1992), obtaining ecological information on a meaningful timescale through reconstruction of the past is a key research field and thus bridging the gap between plant ecology and paleoecology is required (Marignani et al, 2017). Research effort in this direction is intense and quickly progressing (Adams and Faure, 1998;Koch, 1998;Kröpelin et al, 2008;Feurdean et al, 2017Feurdean et al, , 2018Gałka et al, 2018;Zanon et al, 2018;Ardenghi et al, 2019). However, reconstructing past ecosystem states and dynamics implies its own questions.…”

Section: -Benchmarking Dynamic Equilibriums and Ecological Timescalementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Long term records of ecosystem states are uncommon (e.g. : Laliberté et al, 2013;Lawley et al, 2013;Stevens, Erasmus, et al, 2016) and reconstruction of past ecosystem states is a challenging process (Adams and Faure, 1998;Koch, 1998;Kröpelin et al, 2008;Feurdean et al, 2017Feurdean et al, , 2018Gałka et al, 2018;Zanon et al, 2018;Ardenghi et al, 2019). To circumvent this limitation "rules" are derived from observations.…”

Section: Historical Perspectivementioning

confidence: 99%

Process based modelling of ecosystem structure and dynamics with aDGVM2 : a case study of whole-plant trait trade-offs & shrubs in African savannas

Gaillard¹

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Shrubs are a characteristic component of savannas, where they coexist with trees and grasses. They are often part of woody encroachment phenomena, which have been observed globally, and the determinant of shrub encroachment cases, which are particularly of concern in African savannas. In response to climate change and land use change, African savannas are vulnerable to biome shifts and shrub encroachment is a process driving and explaining this risk. We contribute to furthering the understanding of shrubs biogeography and ecology by considering the number of stems of woody plants to characterise shrubs phenotype and strategy. We postulate that shrubs are multi-stemmed, compared to single-stemmed trees and integrate this assumption in aDGVM2 (adaptive Dynamic Global Vegetation Model 2). Modelling a trait representing the number of stems of a woody plant implies a trade-off between single-stemmed plants having higher height growth potential and multi-stemmed plants having higher hydraulic capacity but limited height growth. Multi-stemmed individuals, being shorter, are more likely to suffer severe damage from fires than tall single-stemmed trees managing to grow their crown out of the flame zone. We simulate potential vegetation over sub-Saharan Africa at 1° spatial resolution, with aDGVM2 and compare it to simulations without our shrub model turned on. We also test the impact of fire by including or excluding it from our simulations. To assess the accuracy and relevance of our approach, we benchmark our overall model’s performance against multiple satellite derived products of above ground biomass (AGBM), and against specific field measurements of AGBM. We further benchmark our results against vegetation cover type derived from satellite data. We demonstrate that shrubs can be modelled as multi-stemmed woody plants in African savannas based on whole-plant trait trade-off without being predefined as static functional types. Indeed, the addition of our shrub model to aDGVM2 allows for shrubs to emerge dynamically through community assembly processes without a priori categorisation. Our shrub model also improves the simulated vegetation patterns simulated by aDGVM2 in sub-Saharan Africa, particularly in savannas. The simulated pattern of stem number per woody individual broadly follows our assumptions about biogeographic patterns as it is lowest in equatorial African forests and increases in savannas and grasslands as precipitation decreases. Shrubs are more abundant in more water-stressed regions where they have a competitive advantage over trees due to their increased relative water transport potential. However, in arid and hyper-arid regions, further investigations are required. Simulated shrub prevalence is higher in more open and fire prone landscapes, where woody cover and biomass are reduced. Adding shrubs to aDGVM2, while increasing complexity allows for greater simulated diversity. As resilience and resistance of ecosystems have been shown to be influenced by diversity, such model development is necessary to improve our ability to forecast ecosystems responses to changes. However, there are challenges to fully tap this benefit. Assessing the accuracy and relevance of our approach is challenging. Data and simulations are conceptually different which limit the possibility to conclude based on comparison. Benchmarking challenge is exacerbated by the variability existing among satellite derived products and site studies observations. In areas of extremely low biomass and vegetation cover, such as deserts and semi-deserts, the accuracy of our model is more concerning as small differences in absolute values are relatively more important. Categorisation of life-forms shapes our understanding of their ecology and biogeography, thus, consensus about their definition is direly needed. To contribute to this debate, we investigate how vegetation distribution patterns arising from our shrub model inform our understanding of shrub biogeography. First, shrub distribution in trait space (considering stem number), relatively to environmental drivers, concurs with our assumptions. Second, shrub spatial distribution is consistent with our characterisation assumptions. Third, the role of simulated shrubs in an ecosystem supports realistic ecological dynamics. Our model allows for, shrubs to exhibit a specific phenotype, but also a specific life-strategy, which we characterise in terms of persistence strategy (shrubs are mainly resprouters, in contrast to trees, which can be either resprouters or reseeders) and in terms of resource acquisition (rooting strategy) and allocation (carbon investment). Adding stem count as a trait to aDGVM2 increase the range of simulated functional diversity. Our shrub model allows for aDGVM2 to simulate realistic ratio of grass to woody vegetation across sub-saharan Africa. Similarly, it simulates ratio of shrubs to trees consistent with our hypotheses. ...

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“…In this way, GDGTs retrieved from sediment samples have been successfully used as temperature proxy (MAT) in multiple palaeoenvironmental reconstructions. Specifically, GDGTs have been used to reconstruct temperature changes in Quaternary lacustrine records of the Eastern Mediterranean region (Ardenghi et al, 2019;.…”

Section: Analysis Of Gdgts Biomarkersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early Pleistocene environments before, during and after the first expansion of early Homo into Southern Spain

Zancajo¹

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One of the most important events in human history occurred during the Early Pleistocene: the dispersal of early hominins out of Africa and into Europe and Asia. In Western Europe, the earliest evidences of the genus Homo have been found in the Baza Basin, at the sites of Orce in the SE of the Iberian Peninsula. These sites contain fossils and lithic industry dated approximately as 1.4–1.3 Ma.While hominin remains and artifacts at Orce, as well as the accompanying fauna, have been extensively studied, the properties and evolution of the Early Pleistocene vegetation in the basin remain unknown. The general effect of climate change on the expansion of early hominins from Africa into Eurasia still remains unclear. It is not known if the Early Pleistocene climate changes and the development of glacials periods led to the extirpation of European communities, or if those communities were able to endure and persist through such adverse climatic periods. This open question highlights the need for climate and environmental analyses for the time before, during and after the first presence of Homo in Europe. This PhD thesis contributes to that need by the presentation of the first long pollen record of the Baza Basin, where the oldest hominin sites in Western Europe are found.

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Temperature and moisture variability in the eastern Mediterranean region during Marine Isotope Stages 11–10 based on biomarker analysis of the Tenaghi Philippon peat deposit

Cited by 21 publications

References 172 publications

Enhanced western mediterranean rainfall during past interglacials driven by North Atlantic pressure changes

Enhanced western mediterranean rainfall during past interglacials driven by North Atlantic pressure changes

Process based modelling of ecosystem structure and dynamics with aDGVM2 : a case study of whole-plant trait trade-offs & shrubs in African savannas

Early Pleistocene environments before, during and after the first expansion of early Homo into Southern Spain

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