Temperature and magnetic-field dependence of the resistivity of carbon-black polymer composites

Mandal, Purnendu; Neumann, Alexander; Jansen, A. G. M.; Wyder, P.; Deltour, Robert

doi:10.1103/physrevb.55.452

Cited by 46 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Coulomb gap VRH has also been observed in these kinds of systems [90] as indicated by both resistance and magnetotransport measurements. Pure tunnelling behaviour has also been observed [91] as well as conventional Mott VRH with high dimensionality brought about by super localization [92]. A transition from coulomb gap VRH to FIT has been observed in carbon onions.…”

Section: Electrical Transport In Carbon Microspheresmentioning

confidence: 68%

The electrical transport properties of nitrogen doped carbon microspheres

Wright

Marsicano

Keartland

et al. 2014

Materials Chemistry and Physics

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A suite of four samples of nitrogen doped carbon microspheres, each with a different level of nitrogen dopant, was synthesised in a horizontal chemical vapour deposition reaction. The samples were characterized using scanning electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy and electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy. Scanning electron microscopy showed that microspheres were produced by the reaction. Raman spectroscopy confirmed the graphitic nature of the samples. Electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy determined that nitrogen was present in the graphitic lattice and was used as a non-destructive technique to measure the amount of substitutional nitrogen present in the samples. In order to perform electrical transport measurements an automated magneto-transport measurement station was developed in the laboratory. This transport station was computer controlled and contained all of the necessary hardware and software required to perform magneto-electrical transport measurements. Variable temperature electrical transport measurements were performed on all samples to determine their conductive properties. Resistance measurements showed that two of the samples were semiconductors while the other two samples displayed a transition to metallic behaviour at higher temperatures. This transition can be ascribed to the thermal desorption of nitrogen dopant. Models were fitted to the data and the semiconducting behaviour is best explained by a model of fluctuation induced tunnelling while the metallic behaviour is best explained by a quasi-1 dimensional metallic term based on electron-phonon interactions. The IV characteristics of two of the samples display increasing non-linearity of the current's voltage dependence with decreasing temperature. The other two samples exhibit this behaviour at lower temperatures while higher temperature IV data displays a current saturation with increasing voltage. The same models used to explain the resistance measurements can be used to explain the IV characteristics data extremely well. The magnetoresistance data taken with the direction of current flow orientated both parallel and perpendicular to the field, show a transition from negative to positive magnetoresistance with decreasing temperature. The results of these experiments are inconclusive, as a theoretical model of magnetoresistance in systems that conduct via fluctuation induced tunnelling is not well defined. A comparison between the resistance measurements of all four samples was made to determine the effect of nitrogen doping on the samples' ii Abstract electronic transport properties. The result of this comparison was indeterminate. This was due to samples with identical nitrogen dopant levels displaying vastly different conductive properties and indicates that very strict synthesis conditions need to be adhered to in order to ensure sample quality. Resistance measurements were rerun on the two samples that displayed purely semiconducting behaviour to investigate the possibility of atmospheric doping. It was foun...

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Section: Electrical Transport In Carbon Microspheresmentioning

confidence: 68%

The electrical transport properties of nitrogen doped carbon microspheres

Wright

Marsicano

Keartland

et al. 2014

Materials Chemistry and Physics

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“…Electrical conductivity in disordered systems is associated with a variety of phenomena, such as localization effects, hopping transport, and percolation via a formed physical network 47, 48. The occurrence of a specific conduction mechanism depends on different parameters, including the strength of disorder, the geometrical characteristics of the inclusions, the particle–particle interactions, the extent of aggregation of filler particles, and the rheological behavior of the matrix 28, 35.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…According to the VRH mechanism, originally proposed by Mott,51, 52 charge carriers move (hop) from a localized state to a nearby localized state of different energy, or to a localized state of similar energy with spatial separation from the initial site. The dependence on temperature of dc conductivity follows the formula where the parameter σ 0 can be considered as the limiting value of conductivity at infinite temperature, T 0 is the characteristic temperature that determines the thermally activated hopping among localized states at different energies and considered as a measure of disorder,47, 53 and the exponent γ is related to the dimensionality d of the transport process via γ = 1 /( 1+d ), where d = 1,2,3.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Charge transport properties in carbon black/polymer composites

Psarras

2007

J Polym Sci B Polym Phys

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The charge transport properties of polymer matrix–carbon black composites are investigated in this study. Direct current conductivity is examined with varying parameters: the temperature and the conductive filler content. Conductivity data are analyzed by means of percolation theory, and both percolation threshold and critical exponent are determined at each of the examined temperatures. The temperature dependence of conductivity and the agreement of experimental results with the variable range hopping model reveal hopping conduction as the predominant transport mechanism, below and in the vicinity of the critical concentration of carbon black particles. At higher concentrations, the contribution of hopping transport to the overall conductivity is reduced and a balance between hopping and conduction via geometrical contact occurs. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 45: 2535–2545, 2007

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“…where the parameter  0 can be considered the limiting value of conductivity at infinite temperature, T 0 is the characteristic temperature that determines the thermally activated hopping among localized states at different energies and is considered a measure of disorder [17,18]. VRH mechanism is a phononassisted charge carrier transport process.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polyisoprene/Nanostructured Carbon Composites for Applications in Temperature Sensors

Knite

Zīke

Zavickis

et al. 2013

Material Science and Applied Chemistry

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Abstract. The studies of electrical properties of the polyisoprene (PI) matrix/high structure carbon black (HSCB) composites (PCBC) with various concentrations (8, 9, 10 and 11 mass parts) of filler have been carried out in the temperature interval of 90K-330K. In this paper we focus on the investigation of direct current (DC) conductivity in a low-temperature region with negative temperature coefficient of resistivity (NTCR). It has been proven that variable range hopping (VRH) conduction is dominated by hopping of carriers among localized states in a low-temperature range. At higher temperatures the nearest neighbour hopping (NNH) conductivity or constant range hopping charge transport takes place. The reversibility as well as small hysteresis of resistance change versus temperature indicates prospective temperature sensor application for PCBC.

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Temperature and magnetic-field dependence of the resistivity of carbon-black polymer composites

Cited by 46 publications

References 27 publications

The electrical transport properties of nitrogen doped carbon microspheres

The electrical transport properties of nitrogen doped carbon microspheres

Charge transport properties in carbon black/polymer composites

Polyisoprene/Nanostructured Carbon Composites for Applications in Temperature Sensors

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