Temperature and biomass influences on interannual changes in CO<sub>2</sub> exchange in an alpine meadow on the Qinghai‐Tibetan Plateau

Kato, Tomomichi; Tang, Yanhong; Gu, Song; Hirota, Minoru; Du, Mingyuan; Li, Yingnian; Zhao, Xinquan

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2486.2006.01153.x

Cited by 271 publications

(210 citation statements)

References 46 publications

(58 reference statements)

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“…In addition, most herders thought that the present 'balancing animals and grass' policy was not reasonable because it did not take into account the actual local environmental conditions. This point is supported by other research, which has indicated that there is much uncertainty about climatic factors, such as the precipitation with large inter-annual fluctuation, in rangeland regions (Fang et al 2001;Kato et al 2006;Hou et al 2012). Thus, while the rangeland productivity has changed over time, the stocking standard imposed by policy has remained unchanged for years (Li and Liu 2005;Yang and Hou 2005;Wang 2010).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 59%

Herders’ opinions about desirable stocking rates and overstocking in the rangelands of northern China

et al. 2014

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Abstract. Herders' desirable stocking rates and their opinions of overstocking were studied using survey and multiregression methods in the meadow steppe, typical steppe and desert steppe regions of northern China. It was found that individual herders had their own perception of their particular 'desirable stocking rate', which referred to the number of livestock that the herders thought they could keep or maintain on an area of rangeland over a specified period of time. These perceptions were not in line with the 'balancing animals and grass' policy of the Chinese government, and herders used them as a guide to adjust stock-breeding practices. Most herders admitted that they bred more livestock now than 10 years ago, but insisted that there was no overstocking and many even thought that their rangelands could still carry more livestock. They also held the view that they took into account the carrying capacity of rangelands when making decisions about livestock-breeding practices. Individual herders thought that the reasonable stocking rate range should be 0.75-1.50 sheep units ha -1 (meadow steppe), 0.60-1.50 sheep units ha -1 (typical steppe), and 0.50-0.75 sheep units ha -1 (desert steppe), respectively. The herders from the desert steppe regions were most concerned about the overstocking of rangelands, and the concern of herders was in the order desert steppe > typical steppe > meadow steppe. The herders with more formal education and those who worked in a village council and had smaller areas of rangelands, were more concerned about the overstocking of rangelands. It is argued that such herders should be given more access to policy and market information, including extensive grazing and modern stall-feeding technologies, and encouraged to reduce their desirable stocking rates, leading to more sustainable rangeland management in northern China.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 59%

Herders’ opinions about desirable stocking rates and overstocking in the rangelands of northern China

et al. 2014

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“…The GPP became saturated as the MAT increased. In contrast, the annual NEE increased with the MAT in the Haibei alpine meadow, which is in line with previous studies showing that the annual NEE is comprehensively controlled by the temperature environment (Kato et al, 2006).…”

Section: Control Of the Interannual Variation In The Co 2 Exchangesupporting

confidence: 74%

“…The daily CO 2 fluxes of the alpine meadow steppe in Damxung, Tibet were shown to be jointly affected by T a and soil moisture (Fu et al, 2009), while the daily CO 2 fluxes of an alpine shrubland at Haibei, Qinghai were found to be sensitive to T a . On an annual scale, the measurements at the Haibei alpine meadow revealed that the annual CO 2 uptake was increased by the earlier onset of the growing season, which was caused by higher T a (Kato et al, 2006). The Lijiang alpine meadow is located in a much warmer area (the mean annual T a is 12.7 • C).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Figure 10. Relationships between the annual GPP and precipitation (PPT) for this Lijiang site, the Haibei site (Kato et al, 2006;Fu et al, 2009), the Damxung site (Fu et al, 2009) and the semi-arid grassland sites (Fu et al, 2009;Du and Liu, 2013;Yang and Zhou, 2013).…”

Section: Control Of the Interannual Variation In The Co 2 Exchangementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The warming trend in high-altitude areas, such as the Tibetan Plateau and its south-east margin, has been observed to be more pronounced (Fan et al, 2011;Liu and Chen, 2000). Several studies of CO 2 exchange have been carried out on the Qinghai-Tibetan plateau, where the mean annual air temperature (T a ) is approximately 0 • C (Gu et al, 2003;Kato et al, 2006;Shi et al, 2006;Zhao et al, 2006). The daily CO 2 fluxes of the alpine meadow steppe in Damxung, Tibet were shown to be jointly affected by T a and soil moisture (Fu et al, 2009), while the daily CO 2 fluxes of an alpine shrubland at Haibei, Qinghai were found to be sensitive to T a .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Biophysical effects on the interannual variation in carbon dioxide exchange of an alpine meadow on the Tibetan Plateau

et al. 2017

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Abstract. Eddy covariance measurements from 2012 to 2015 were used to investigate the interannual variation in carbon dioxide exchange and its control over an alpine meadow on the south-east margin of the Tibetan Plateau. The annual net ecosystem exchange (NEE) in the 4 years from 2012 to 2015 was −114.2, −158.5, −159.9 and −212.6 g C m −2 yr −1 , and generally decreased with the mean annual air temperature (MAT). An exception occurred in 2014, which had the highest MAT. This was attributed to higher ecosystem respiration (RE) and similar gross primary production (GPP) in 2014 because the GPP increased with the MAT, but became saturated due to the limit in photosynthetic capacity. In the spring (March to May) of 2012, low air temperature (T a ) and drought events delayed grass germination and reduced GPP. In the late wet season (September to October) of 2012 and 2013, the low T a in September and its negative effects on vegetation growth caused earlier grass senescence and significantly lower GPP. This indicates that the seasonal pattern of T a has a substantial effect on the annual total GPP, which is consistent with results obtained using the homogeneityof-slopes (HOS) model. The model results showed that the climatic seasonal variation explained 48.6 % of the GPP variability, while the percentages explained by climatic interannual variation and the ecosystem functional change were 9.7 and 10.6 %, respectively.

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Non‐growing‐season soil respiration is controlled by freezing and thawing processes in the summer monsoon‐dominated Tibetan alpine grassland

Wang

Liu

Chung

et al. 2014

Global Biogeochemical Cycles

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The Tibetan alpine grasslands, sharing many features with arctic tundra ecosystems, have a unique non-growing-season climate that is usually dry and without persistent snow cover. Pronounced winter warming recently observed in this ecosystem may significantly alter the non-growing-season carbon cycle processes such as soil respiration (R s ), but detailed measurements to assess the patterns, drivers of, and potential feedbacks on R s have not been made yet. We conducted a 4 year study on R s using a unique R s measuring system, composed of an automated soil CO 2 flux sampling system and a custom-made container, to facilitate measurements in this extreme environment. We found that in the nongrowing season, (1) cumulative R s was 82-89 g C m À2 , accounting for 11.8-13.2% of the annual total R s ; (2) surface soil freezing controlled the diurnal pattern of R s and bulk soil freezing induced lower reference respiration rate (R 0 ) and temperature sensitivity (Q 10 ) than those in the growing season (0.40-0.53 versus 0.84-1.32 μmol CO 2 m À2 s À1 for R 0 and 2.5-2.9 versus 2.9-5.6 for Q 10 ); and (3) the intraannual variation in cumulative R s was controlled by accumulated surface soil temperature. We found that in the summer monsoon-dominated Tibetan alpine grassland, surface soil freezing, bulk soil freezing, and accumulated surface soil temperature are the day-, season-, and year-scale drivers of the non-growing-season R s , respectively. Our results suggest that warmer winters can trigger carbon loss from this ecosystem because of higher Q 10 of thawed than frozen soils.

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Temperature and biomass influences on interannual changes in CO₂ exchange in an alpine meadow on the Qinghai‐Tibetan Plateau

Cited by 271 publications

References 46 publications

Herders’ opinions about desirable stocking rates and overstocking in the rangelands of northern China

Herders’ opinions about desirable stocking rates and overstocking in the rangelands of northern China

Biophysical effects on the interannual variation in carbon dioxide exchange of an alpine meadow on the Tibetan Plateau

Non‐growing‐season soil respiration is controlled by freezing and thawing processes in the summer monsoon‐dominated Tibetan alpine grassland

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Temperature and biomass influences on interannual changes in CO2 exchange in an alpine meadow on the Qinghai‐Tibetan Plateau

Cited by 271 publications

References 46 publications

Herders’ opinions about desirable stocking rates and overstocking in the rangelands of northern China

Herders’ opinions about desirable stocking rates and overstocking in the rangelands of northern China

Biophysical effects on the interannual variation in carbon dioxide exchange of an alpine meadow on the Tibetan Plateau

Non‐growing‐season soil respiration is controlled by freezing and thawing processes in the summer monsoon‐dominated Tibetan alpine grassland

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Temperature and biomass influences on interannual changes in CO₂ exchange in an alpine meadow on the Qinghai‐Tibetan Plateau