Temperature affects acute mayfly responses to elevated salinity: implications for toxicity of road de-icing salts

Jackson, John K.; Funk, David H.

doi:10.1098/rstb.2018.0081

Cited by 35 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 104 publications

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“…Low temperatures reduce the effects of salinity [63], biotic interactions [64] and probably their combined effects, therefore our results probably underestimate these effects because the current study was conducted during winter. To further explore patterns revealed in this experiment, the research presented here will be coupled with examination of trait-phylogeny-environment relationships to understand how traits, relatedness, and salinity may influence stream invertebrate communities.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 72%

Biological interactions mediate context and species-specific sensitivities to salinity

Bray

Reich

Nichols

et al. 2018

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

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Toxicants have both sub-lethal and lethal effects on aquatic biota, influencing organism fitness and community composition. However, toxicant effects within ecosystems may be altered by interactions with abiotic and biotic ecosystem components, including biological interactions. Collectively, this generates the potential for toxicant sensitivity to be highly context dependent, with significantly different outcomes in ecosystems than laboratory toxicity tests predict. We experimentally manipulated stream macroinvertebrate communities in 32 mesocosms to examine how communities from a low-salinity site were influenced by interactions with those from a high-salinity site along a gradient of salinity. Relative to those from the low-salinity site, organisms from the high-salinity site were expected to have greater tolerance and fitness at higher salinities. This created the potential for both salinity and tolerant-sensitive organism interactions to influence communities. We found that community composition was influenced by both direct toxicity and tolerant-sensitive organism interactions. Taxon and context-dependent responses included: (i) direct toxicity effects, irrespective of biotic interactions; (ii) effects that were owing to the addition of tolerant taxa, irrespective of salinity; (iii) toxicity dependent on sensitive-tolerant taxa interactions; and (iv) toxic effects that were increased by interactions. Our results reinforce that ecological processes require consideration when examining toxicant effects within ecosystems. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Salt in freshwaters: causes, ecological consequences and future prospects’.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 72%

Biological interactions mediate context and species-specific sensitivities to salinity

Bray

Reich

Nichols

et al. 2018

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

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“…Though less frequent, some synergistic and antagonistic responses between salinity and temperature were also found (e.g. [44] in dataset 2, electronic supplementary material S2; see also [45] in this issue), which suggests that the mechanistic relationship between heat and osmotic stress is still not well understood. Unlike high temperature, common homeostatic and excretory mechanisms are primarily used against the stress induced by salinity and metals, although each particular metal elicits other specific responses once it has accumulated in the organism [46].…”

Section: (B) Frequency Of Additive Antagonistic and Synergistic Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of salinity changes on aquatic organisms in a multiple stressor context

Velasco

Gutiérrez‐Cánovas

Botella‐Cruz

et al. 2018

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

130

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Under global change, the ion concentration of aquatic ecosystems is changing worldwide. Many freshwater ecosystems are being salinized by anthropogenic salt inputs, whereas many naturally saline ones are being diluted by agricultural drainages. This occurs concomitantly with changes in other stressors, which can result in additive, antagonistic or synergistic effects on organisms. We reviewed experimental studies that manipulated salinity and other abiotic stressors, on inland and transitional aquatic habitats, to (i) synthesize their main effects on organisms' performance, (ii) quantify the frequency of joint effect types across studies and (iii) determine the overall individual and joint effects and their variation among salinity–stressor pairs and organism groups using meta-analyses. Additive effects were slightly more frequent (54%) than non-additive ones (46%) across all the studies ( n = 105 responses). However, antagonistic effects were dominant for the stressor pair salinity and toxicants (44%, n = 43), transitional habitats (48%, n = 31) and vertebrates (71%, n = 21). Meta-analyses showed detrimental additive joint effects of salinity and other stressors on organism performance and a greater individual impact of salinity than the other stressors. These results were consistent across stressor pairs and organism types. These findings suggest that strategies to mitigate multiple stressor impacts on aquatic ecosystems should prioritize restoring natural salinity concentrations. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Salt in freshwaters: causes, ecological consequences and future prospects’.

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“…Temperature has fundamental effects on almost all biological processes and it is thus not surprising that it modulates the toxicity of many environmental contaminants including salt toxicity to freshwater ectotherms (Orr andBuchwalter 2020, Verberk et al 2020). Previously, four mayfly species showed lower (classical) 96-hour LC50 values (i.e., more toxic) for NaCl when temperature was increased (Jackson & Funk. 2018).…”

Section: Colobruscoides Giganteusmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For stream macroinvertebrates exposed to salinity, 72-hour LC50 values are commonly used (e.g., Kefford et al 2012, Castillo et al, 2017. Toxicity tests are typically conducted within ±1-2•C of the desired test temperate, although temperature is acknowledged to alter toxicity (Jackson andFunk,2019, Macaulay et al 2020). Consequently, the LC50 gives the concentration lethal to 50% of the test population for the indicated period of exposure at the test temperature indicated and makes no assessment of the response of the test organisms at other periods of exposure or test temperatures.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing the Relative Toxicity of Different Road Salts and Effect of Temperature on Salinity Toxicity: LCx Values vs. No Effect Concentration (NEC) Values

Moulding

2021

Preprint

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Freshwater biota are at risk globally from increasing salinity, including increases from deicing salts in cold regions. A variety of metrics of toxicity are used when estimating the toxicity of substances and comparing the toxicity between substances. However, the implications of using different metrics is not widely appreciated. Using the mayfly Colobruscoides giganteus (Ephemeroptera: Colobruscoidea) we compare the toxicity of seven different salts where toxicity was estimated using two metrics 1) the no effect concentrations (NEC) and 2) the lethal concentrations for 10, 25 and 50% of the test populations (LCx). The LCx values were estimated using two different models, the classic log-logistic model and the newer toxicokinetic-toxicodynamic (TKTD) model. We also compare the toxicity of two salts (NaCl and CaCl2) for C. giganteus at water temperatures of 4°C, 7°C and 15°C using the same metrics of toxicity. Our motivation for using a mayfly to assess salinity toxicity was because mayflies are generally salt sensitive, are ecologically important and are common in Australian (sub-)alpine streams. Considering 144-hour LCx values, we found toxicity differed between various salts, i.e., the lowest 144-hour LC50 (8 mS/cm) for a salt used by a ski resort was half that of the highest 144-hour LC50 from artificial marine salts and CaCl2 applied to roads (16mS/cm). 144-hour LC50 results at 7°C showed that analytical grade NaCl was significantly more toxic (7.3mS/cm) compared to analytical grade CaCl2 (12.5mS/cm). Yet for NEC values, there were comparably fewer differences in toxicity between salts and none between the same salts at different temperatures. We conclude that LCx values are better suited to compare difference in toxicity between substances or between the same substance at different test temperatures, while NEC values are better suited to estimating concentrations of substances that have no effect to the test species and endpoint measured under laboratory conditions.

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Temperature affects acute mayfly responses to elevated salinity: implications for toxicity of road de-icing salts

Cited by 35 publications

References 104 publications

Biological interactions mediate context and species-specific sensitivities to salinity

Biological interactions mediate context and species-specific sensitivities to salinity

Effects of salinity changes on aquatic organisms in a multiple stressor context

Assessing the Relative Toxicity of Different Road Salts and Effect of Temperature on Salinity Toxicity: LCx Values vs. No Effect Concentration (NEC) Values

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