Temperate rainforests near the South Pole during peak Cretaceous warmth

Klages, Johann Philipp; Salzmann, Ulrich; Bickert, Torsten; Hillenbrand, C. D.; Gohl, Karsten; Kuhn, Gerhard; Bohaty, Steven M; Titschack, Jürgen; Müller, Juliane; Frederichs, Thomas; Bauersachs, Thorsten; Ehrmann, Werner; Flierdt, Tina van de; Pereira, Patric Simões; Larter, Robert D; Lohmann, Gerrit; Niezgodzki, Igor; Uenzelmann-Neben, Gabriele; Zundel, Maximilian; Spiegel, Cornelia; Mark, Chris; Chew, David; Francis, Jane E.; Nehrke, Gernot; Schwarz, Florian; Smith, James A; Freudenthal, Tim; Esper, Oliver; Pälike, Heiko; Ronge, Thomas A; Dziadek, Ricarda

doi:10.1038/s41586-020-2148-5

Cited by 101 publications

(60 citation statements)

References 106 publications

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“…It should also be noted that the modern distribution of species may be a function of either its past climate or biogeographic history (Reichgelt et al, 2016;Willard et al, 2019). Nevertheless, temperature estimates derived from the NLR approach are often in agreement with those from other botanical methods and geochemical proxies, providing a certain level of confidence (Klages et al, 2020;Pross et al 2012).…”

Section: Bioclimatic Analysismentioning

confidence: 94%

“…Climate estimates based on the NLR approach use presence or absence data and are independent of the relative abundance of individual taxa. This makes this method ideal for sporomorph based climate estimates from marine sediments, where hydrodynamic sorting of grains may cause variations in the percentages of individual taxa (Arias, 2015), and also helps reduce taphonomic biases (Klages et al, 2020). However, the assumption that modern species and their climate requirements are an analogy for the geological past is one of the biggest weaknesses of the NLR approach.…”

Section: Bioclimatic Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The PDF method is used to statistically constrain the most likely climate co-occurrence window for an assemblage (Harbert and Nixon, 2015;Willard et al, 2019;Klages et al, 2020). The bioclimatic envelope for each NLR was identified by cross plotting the modern distribution from the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF; GBIF, 2021) with the gridded WorldCLIM (Fick and Hijmans, 2017) climate surface data using the dismo package (Hijmans et al, 2017) in R. Some taxa were grouped at the family level because of their potentially ambiguous climatic affinity.…”

Section: Bioclimatic Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Vegetation change across the Drake Passage region linked to late Eocene cooling and glacial disturbance after the Eocene–Oligocene Transition

Thompson

Salzmann

López‐Quirós

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Abstract. The role and climatic impact of the opening of the Drake Passage and how it affected both marine and terrestrial environments across the Eocene-Oligocene Transition (EOT ~ 34 Ma) period remains poorly understood. Here we present new terrestrial palynomorph data compared with recently compiled lipid biomarker (n-alkane) data from Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) Leg 113 Site 696 drilled on the margin of the South Orkney Microcontinent in the Weddell Sea, to investigate changes in terrestrial environments and paleoclimate across the late Eocene and early Oligocene (~ 37.6–32.2 Ma). Early late Eocene floras and sporomorph-based climate estimates reveal Nothofagus-dominated forests growing under wet temperate conditions, with mean annual temperature (MAT) and precipitation (MAP) around 13 °C and 1660 mm, respectively. A phase of latest Eocene terrestrial cooling at 35.5 Ma reveals a decrease in MAT by around 2 °C possibly linked to the opening of the Powell Basin. This is followed by an increase in Mesozoic sporomorphs together with a shift in terrestrial biomarkers and sedimentological evidence indicating ice expansion to coastal and shelf areas approximately 34.1 million years ago. However, major changes to the terrestrial vegetation at Site 696 did not take place until the early Oligocene, where there is a distinct expansion of gymnosperms and cryptogams accompanied by a rapid increase in taxa diversity following 33.5 Ma. This unusual expansion of gymnosperms and cryptogams is suggested to be linked to environmental disturbance caused by repeat glacial expansion and retreat, which facilitated the expansion of conifer and ferns. We conclude that the timing of glacial onset rather suggests that the event at site 696 is linked to the global cooling at the EOT and that latest Eocene regional cooling cannot directly be linked. Therefore, confirming that the opening of ocean gateways alone did not trigger Antarctic glaciation, even if ocean gateways may have played a role in stepwise cooling before the EOT.

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Section: Bioclimatic Analysismentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Bioclimatic Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Bioclimatic Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Vegetation change across the Drake Passage region linked to late Eocene cooling and glacial disturbance after the Eocene–Oligocene Transition

Thompson

Salzmann

López‐Quirós

et al. 2021

Preprint

Self Cite

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“…There is significant evidence that during the late Jurassic to mid-Cretaceous period an extensive belt of warm, humid climate, at middle to high latitudes, extended over southern South America, southern Africa, India, Australia and Antarctica (Hay and Floegel 2012). This warm, humid belt had a distinctive flora (Mcloughlin 2001) including temperate rainforests (Klages et al 2020). At the same time, due to the super-continent effect, the equatorial and low-latitude region was a relatively hot and largely an arid zone, with the only possible area of year-round rainfall being the western edge of West Gondwana (Hay and Floegel 2012).…”

Section: The Southern Origin Scenariomentioning

confidence: 99%

Phylogeny and classification of the genus-group taxa of Loxandrina (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Abacetini)

Will

2020

DEZ

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Bayesian and parsimony phylogenetic analyses of combined and partitioned datasets of molecular (partial sequences of 28S, wg, COI, and CAD) and morphological (51 characters of adults) data for exemplar taxa of five outgroup and 76 ingroup abacetine carabids resulted in a monophyletic Loxandrina Erwin & Sims, 1984 that is split into Australian and American clades. The genus Loxandrus LeConte, 1853 as previously delimited is not monophyletic relative to numerous genus-level taxa in Abacetini Chaudoir, 1873 and is restricted to a subgenus of North American species. A reclassification and nomenclatural changes for the subtribe that are consistent with the phylogeny are provided. Three genera are removed from Loxandrina: Aulacopodus Britton, 1940 moved to Pterostichini Bonelli, 1810; Cosmodiscus Sloane, 1907 and Tiferonia Darlington, 1962 moved to Abacetina. Based on the phylogenetic relationships and nomenclatural priority only four genera are recognized in Loxandrina: Cerabilia Laporte, 1867, Zeodera Laporte, 1867, Pediomorphus Chaudoir, 1878, and Oxycrepis Reiche, 1843. All other previously recognized genera are treated as subgenera. The classification change created eight secondary homonyms that are resolved by the proposal of the following: Oxycrepis gebi, replacement name for O. balli (Straneo, 1993); O. amatona, replacement name for O. matoana (Straneo, 1993); O. xiproma, replacement name for O. proxima (Straneo, 1993); O. rasutulis, replacement name for O. suturalis (Straneo, 1993); O. laevinota, replacement name for O. laevicollis (Bates, 1871); O. arvulap, replacement name for O. parvula (Straneo, 1951); O. noaffine, replacement name for O. affinis (Straneo, 1991); O. alutona, replacement name for O. notula (Tschitschérine, 1901). An overview of the morphological characteristics and diagnostic features of Loxandrina taxa is provided. A key and habitus images are provided for identification of genera and subgenera. The possible historical biogeography of the group is discussed in light of their phylogenetic relationships and past geological events.

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“…Die BGR war maßgeblich an den internationalen Bohrprogrammen Cape-Roberts-Project und dessen Folgeprojekt ANDRILL im Rossmeer beteiligt. (Klages et al, 2020). Bedingungen, die nur unter hohen atmosphärischen CO 2 Konzentrationen (1120-1680 ppm) existieren.…”

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