Temperate and tropical brown macroalgae thrive, despite decalcification, along natural <scp>CO</scp><sub>2</sub> gradients

Johnson, Vivienne R; Russell, Bayden D.; Fabricius, Katharina; Brownlee, Colin; Hall-Spencer, Jason M.

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2486.2012.02716.x

Cited by 133 publications

(151 citation statements)

References 87 publications

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“…It has been demonstrated using microsensors that calcification in H. discoidea is not controlled actively by the alga, but rather is linked directly to the pH in intercellular spaces that is controlled by the ratio of photosynthesis to respiration [58]. It is possible that in our experiment, increases in pCO 2 and HCO 3 2 in seawater favoured photosynthesis during daylight [59] leading to an increase in pH in intercellular spaces that increased calcification. By contrast, at night, respiration and the absence of photosynthesis leads to a rspb.royalsocietypublishing.org Proc.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 76%

Pacific-wide contrast highlights resistance of reef calcifiers to ocean acidification

et al. 2014

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Ocean acidification (OA) and its associated decline in calcium carbonate saturation states is one of the major threats that tropical coral reefs face this century. Previous studies of the effect of OA on coral reef calcifiers have described a wide variety of outcomes for studies using comparable partial pressure of CO 2 (pCO 2 ) ranges, suggesting that key questions remain unresolved. One unresolved hypothesis posits that heterogeneity in the response of reef calcifiers to high pCO 2 is a result of regional-scale variation in the responses to OA. To test this hypothesis, we incubated two coral taxa (Pocillopora damicornis and massive Porites) and two calcified algae (Porolithon onkodes and Halimeda macroloba) under 400, 700 and 1000 matm pCO 2 levels in experiments in Moorea (French Polynesia), Hawaii (USA) and Okinawa (Japan), where environmental conditions differ. Both corals and H. macroloba were insensitive to OA at all three locations, while the effects of OA on P. onkodes were locationspecific. In Moorea and Hawaii, calcification of P. onkodes was depressed by high pCO 2 , but for specimens in Okinawa, there was no effect of OA. Using a study of large geographical scale, we show that resistance to OA of some reef species is a constitutive character expressed across the Pacific.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 76%

Pacific-wide contrast highlights resistance of reef calcifiers to ocean acidification

et al. 2014

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“…can acclimatize to future OA conditions. This observation is in agreement with a previous study on the slightly calcareous brown algae Padina sp., which occurs at volcanic CO 2 seep sites in PNG and the at the Mediterranean (Johnson et al 2012). However, seep sites investigate the effects of OA in isolation and it is possible that other co-occurring factors predicted for the future (e.g., warming or increase of terrestrial runoff) may interact to affect Halimeda spp.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, the calcareous brown algae Padina spp. are thriving at seeps in the Mediterranean and in PNG with increased abundance at CO 2 seep sites compared to controls (Johnson et al 2012), suggesting that some calcareous organisms can benefit from increased CO 2 availability. It is, therefore, not clear how calcifying algae, among the most important organism groups in coral reefs, respond to OA.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Indeed, some taxa may be strongly impeded and may even become extinct in future environmental conditions (Carpenter et al 2008;Uthicke et al 2013). However, studies also suggest species specific responses to OA and that not every organism will be affected in future OA environments and that some taxa may also be able to cope with, or even thrive, under projected CO 2 conditions (Fabricius et al 2011;Johnson et al 2012;Ries et al 2009). …”

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confidence: 99%

“…Volcanic CO 2 seeps and areas of CO 2 upwelling have been described worldwide in temperate (Calosi et al 2013;Cigliano et al 2010;Hall-Spencer et al 2008;Inoue et al 2013;Johnson et al 2012;Porzio et al 2011) and tropical (Fabricius et al 2011(Fabricius et al , 2014Johnson et al 2012;Noonan et al 2013;Russell et al 2013;Uthicke and Fabricius 2012;Uthicke et al 2013) regions. So far, studies suggest reduced pH at CO 2 seeps in PNG lead to a decline in coral diversity with structurally complex species being particularly affected, and reduced taxonomic richness and density of coral juveniles, and low cover of crustose coralline algae (Fabricius et al 2011(Fabricius et al , 2014.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Calcareous green alga H alimeda tolerates ocean acidification conditions at tropical carbon dioxide seeps

et al. 2015

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We investigated ecological, physiological, and skeletal characteristics of the calcifying green alga Halimeda grown at CO 2 seeps (pH total 7.8) and compared them to those at control reefs with ambient CO 2 conditions (pH total 8.1). Six species of Halimeda were recorded at both the high CO 2 and control sites. For the two most abundant species Halimeda digitata and Halimeda opuntia we determined in situ light and dark oxygen fluxes and calcification rates, carbon contents and stable isotope signatures. In both species, rates of calcification in the light increased at the high CO 2 site compared to controls (131% and 41%, respectively). In the dark, calcification was not affected by elevated CO 2 in H. digitata, whereas it was reduced by 167% in H. opuntia, suggesting nocturnal decalcification. Calculated net calcification of both species was similar between seep and control sites, i.e., the observed increased calcification in light compensated for reduced dark calcification. However, inorganic carbon content increased (22%) in H. digitata and decreased (28%) in H. opuntia at the seep site compared to controls. Significantly, lighter carbon isotope signatures of H. digitata and H. opuntia phylloids at high CO 2 (1.01& [parts per thousand] and 1.94&, respectively) indicate increased photosynthetic uptake of CO 2 over HCO 3 2 potentially reducing dissolved inorganic carbon limitation at the seep site. Moreover, H. digitata and H. opuntia specimens transplanted for 14 d from the control to the seep site exhibited similar d 13 C signatures as specimens grown there. These results suggest that the Halimeda spp. investigated can acclimatize and will likely still be capable to grow and calcify in P CO 2 conditions exceeding most pessimistic future CO 2 projections.

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Climate Change

2021

Tropical Marine Ecology

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Temperate and tropical brown macroalgae thrive, despite decalcification, along natural CO₂ gradients

Cited by 133 publications

References 87 publications

Pacific-wide contrast highlights resistance of reef calcifiers to ocean acidification

Pacific-wide contrast highlights resistance of reef calcifiers to ocean acidification

Calcareous green alga H alimeda tolerates ocean acidification conditions at tropical carbon dioxide seeps

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Temperate and tropical brown macroalgae thrive, despite decalcification, along natural CO2 gradients

Cited by 133 publications

References 87 publications

Pacific-wide contrast highlights resistance of reef calcifiers to ocean acidification

Pacific-wide contrast highlights resistance of reef calcifiers to ocean acidification

Calcareous green alga H alimeda tolerates ocean acidification conditions at tropical carbon dioxide seeps

Climate Change

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Temperate and tropical brown macroalgae thrive, despite decalcification, along natural CO₂ gradients