Temperament traits associated with risk of schizophrenia in an indigenous population of Argentina

Padilla, María Calvó de; Padilla, Eduardo; Alemán, Gabriela González; Bourdieu, Mercedes; Guerrero, Gonzalo; Strejilevich, Sergio; Escobar, Javier I.; Švrakić, N. M.; Cloninger, C. Robert; Erausquin, Gabriel A. de

doi:10.1016/j.schres.2005.12.848

Cited by 22 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…The intermediate level of harm avoidance in non-psychotic siblings provides evidence that HA may be an endophenotype for schizophrenia. These findings are consistent with prior studies examining individuals with schizophrenia (Kurs et al, 2005) and their first-degree relatives (Calvo de Padilla et al, 2006). …”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…Some research did not find differences in temperament between first-degree relatives and controls (Bora & Veznedaroglu, 2007), while others found that sibling temperament may be intermediate between controls and schizophrenia patients (Calvo de Padilla et a., 2006). In regards to character, some studies found first-degree relatives of schizophrenia patients with lower CO and SD, and higher ST than controls (Calvo de Padilla et a., 2006; Glatt et al, 2006), while others found relatives scored higher than controls on SD and CO (Bora & Veznedaroglu, 2007). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Temperament and character as schizophrenia-related endophenotypes in non-psychotic siblings

Smith

Cloninger²,

Harms³

et al. 2008

Schizophrenia Research

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114

101

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Background-Quantitative endophenotypes are needed to better understand the pathogenesis of schizophrenia. The psychobiological model of temperament and character suggests that personality traits are heritable and regulated by brain systems influencing schizophrenia susceptibility. Thus, measures of temperament and character may serve as schizophrenia-related endophenotypes in individuals with schizophrenia and their non-psychotic siblings.Methods-Individuals with schizophrenia (n=35), their non-psychotic siblings (n=34), controls (n=63), and their siblings (n=56) participated in a study of the clinical, cognitive and neuromorphological characteristics of schizophrenia. A mixed-model approach assessed group differences on the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI). Neurocognitive deficits and psychopathology were correlated with the TCI. Configurations of TCI domains were examined using a generalized linear model.Results-Individuals with schizophrenia and their siblings had higher harm avoidance than controls and their siblings. Individuals with schizophrenia had lower self-directedness and cooperativeness, and higher self-transcendence than their non-psychotic siblings, controls, and the siblings of controls. Neurocognition was not related to temperament and character in individuals with schizophrenia or either control group. In non-psychotic siblings, self-directedness and cooperativeness were correlated with working memory and crystallized IQ.Conclusion-Evidence supports harm avoidance as a schizophrenia-related endophenotype. An increased risk of schizophrenia may be associated with asociality (configured as high harm avoidance and low reward dependence), schizotypy (configured as low self-directedness, low cooperativeness, and high self-transcendence), and neurocognitive deficits (poor executive functioning, working/ Reprint Requests: Dr. Matthew J. Smith, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, 446 East Ontario Street, Suite 7-200, Chicago, IL 60611. Publisher's Disclaimer: This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final citable form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain. NIH Public Access

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temperament and character as schizophrenia-related endophenotypes in non-psychotic siblings

Smith

Cloninger²,

Harms³

et al. 2008

Schizophrenia Research

Self Cite

114

101

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“…Calvó de Padilla et al [52] 11 chronic untreated schizophrenia patients 11 first-degree relatives 12 controls…”

Section: Ns Tpq No Differences In Ns Between Groupsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sensation/novelty seeking in psychotic disorders: A review of the literature

Peritogiannis¹

2015

WJP

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The evaluation of personality traits is important for the better understanding of the person suffering from psychosis and for treatment individualization. However literature on patients' personality and character in such disorders is limited. The aim of this review was to summarize the literature on sensation/novelty seeking (SNS), a trait which is biologically based and highly heritable and is associated with dopamine activity, and refers to a person's tendency to seek varied, novel, complex, and intense sensations and experiences. A total of 38 studies were included in this review, involving 2808 patients and 2039 healthy controls. There is consistent evidence that this trait is independently associated with alcohol and substance abuse in patients with schizophrenia and related disorders. The estimation of SNS would help clinicians to identify patients at risk for abuse. There is also some evidence that higher SNS levels may relate to medication non-adherence and seem to increase the risk of patients' aggressive and violent behavior, but studies are scarce. SNS was found not to be related to suicidality, whereas in the fields of patients' quality of life and psychopathology results are contradictory, but most studies show no possible association. Several studies suggest that SNS is lower in psychotic patients compared to controls, whereas most yield no differences. The evidence for this trait as a potential endophenotype of schizophrenia is weak. SNS may be implicated in psychotic disorders' course and prognosis in several ways and should be always inquired for. This trait can be reliably measured with the use of easily applicable self-rated instruments, and patients' accounts could inform clinicians when planning management and delivering individualized treatment. Core tip: This review summarizes current research on the personality trait sensation/novelty seeking (SNS) in psychotic disorders. There is an emerging literature on SNS in psychotic patients, suggesting that this trait is associated with patients' alcohol and substance misuse. Some evidence suggests that SNS may be related to medication non-adherence and aggressive behavior, whereas data on other illness dimensions, such as quality of life and psychopathology are scarce and controversial. In general, patients with psychotic disorders appear to have lower SNS levels than healthy controls, but abusing patients, who probably have high SNS levels are often excluded from research. REVIEWSubmit a

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“…6 Over the past decade we have studied endophenotypes and predictors of treatment outcome in subjects with chronic schizophrenia (and therefore with stable symptoms) free of the influence of antipsychotic medications, as well as in their unaffected first-degree relatives, in the Kolla people of Jujuy (Northern Argentina). [7][8][9] This population afforded a unique opportunity to study spontaneous parkinsonism and its correlates in stable, chronic patients free of the confounding effects of antipsychotic medications, and further to assess the impact of long durations of untreated psychosis on the individuals response to medications. 10 Motor parkinsonian impairment has been well documented in first-episode, untreated patients with schizophrenia, [11][12][13][14][15] and we found it also present in subjects with chronic untreated symptoms and in their at-risk, unaffected first-degree relatives.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prediction of Neurocognitive Deficits by Parkinsonian Motor Impairment in Schizophrenia: A Study in Neuroleptic-Naïve Subjects, Unaffected First-Degree Relatives and Healthy Controls From an Indigenous Population

Molina¹,

Alemán²,

Florenzano³

et al. 2016

SCHBUL

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Background: Neurocognitive deficits are among the most debilitating and pervasive symptoms of schizophrenia, and are present also in unaffected first-degree relatives. Also, multiple reports reveal parkisonian motor deficits in untreated subjects with schizophrenia and in first-degree relatives of affected subjects. Yet, the relation between motor and cognitive impairment and its value as a classifier of endophenotypes has not been studied. Aims: To test the efficacy of midbrain hyperechogenicity (MHE) and parkinsonian motor impairment (PKM) as predictors of neurocognitive impairment in subjects with or at risk for schizophrenia, that could be used to segregate them from first-degree relatives and healthy controls. Method: Seventy-six subjects with chronic schizophrenia never exposed to antipsychotic medication, 106 unaffected first-degree relatives, and 62 healthy controls were blindly assessed for cognitive and motor function, and transcranial ultrasound. Results: Executive function, fluid intelligence, motor planning, and hand coordination showed group differences. PKM and MHE were significantly higher in untreated schizophrenia and unaffected relatives. Unaffected relatives showed milder impairment, but were different from controls. Conclusions: PKM and MHE predict cognitive impairment in neuroleptic-naive patients with schizophrenia and their unaffected first-degree relatives and may be used to segregate them from first-degree relatives and healthy controls.

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Temperament traits associated with risk of schizophrenia in an indigenous population of Argentina

Cited by 22 publications

References 9 publications

Temperament and character as schizophrenia-related endophenotypes in non-psychotic siblings

Temperament and character as schizophrenia-related endophenotypes in non-psychotic siblings

Sensation/novelty seeking in psychotic disorders: A review of the literature

Prediction of Neurocognitive Deficits by Parkinsonian Motor Impairment in Schizophrenia: A Study in Neuroleptic-Naïve Subjects, Unaffected First-Degree Relatives and Healthy Controls From an Indigenous Population

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