Temperament dimensions in stuttering and typically developing children

Abstract

After reading this article, the reader will be able to: (1) describe the concept of temperament, including Rothbart's temperamental model, and its functional significance; (2) explain the CBQ-based (Children's Behavior Questionnaire) temperamental differences between CWS and CWNS; and (3) explain possible pathways for interaction between temperament and the development of stuttering.

Children who stutter show reduced action-related activity in the rostral cingulate zone

“…Interestingly, this study showed that activity in the 15 ACC was negatively correlated with the severity of stuttering symptoms, possibly reflecting a 16 failure to recruit conflict related regions to resolve stuttering (Liu et al, 2014). 17 Even though almost no studies examined functional brain activation in children who 18 stutter, some hypotheses can be derived from studies that related stuttering in children to showing less inhibitory control in CWS (Eggers et al, 2009(Eggers et al, , 2010(Eggers et al, , 2013 time, they were shown a feedback screen with the marble at the point at which they had 14 stopped it. These trials measured stimulus-driven action and were called Green-Go trials.…”

“…This work was supported by the Dutch Science Foundation (NWO, grant number 461-090525) 2 as part of the EUROVETO project (09-ERCP-020) of the European Science Foundation.…”

Preliminary Investigation of the Relationship between the Temperament of Young Children Who Stutter and the Temperament of Their Parents

“…Assuming, based on previous findings [8,11,20], that temperamental differences do exist between preschool-age CWS and CWNS, the present preliminary study examines differences in the temperament of parents of children who stutter and parents of children who do not stutter. The present study also examines the relational difference between the temperament of parents to children across both talker groups (i.e., children who stutter and children who do not stutter).…”

“…Findings indicated differences in mean scores, but similar underlying temperamental structures for all three groups. Eggers et al continued their investigation of temperament and stuttering by a comparison of the temperament of 3-8 year old CWS and CWNS only [20]. Findings indicated lower scores in Inhibitory Control and Attentional Shifting, but higher scores in Anger/Frustration, Approach, and Motor Activation regardless of treatment or stuttering severity.…”

“…Their focus on temperament yielded nine distinct characteristics believed to comprise one's temperament [18]. Although the preceding authors have acceptable definitions of temperament, the present study adopted the definition of temperament as established by Rothbart, which is commonly referred to in other studies involving temperament [19,20]. Rothbart refers to temperament -in comparison to personality -as relatively stable, biologically based, and present at birth; however, personality develops from maturation and environmental influences [19].…”