Temperament as an Early Risk Marker for Autism Spectrum Disorders? A Longitudinal Study of High-Risk and Low-Risk Infants

Pijl, Mirjam K. J.; Bussu, Giorgia; Charman, Tony; Johnson, Mark H.; Jones, Emily J. H.; Pasco, Greg; Oosterling, Iris J.; Rommelse, Nanda; Buitelaar, Jan K.

doi:10.1007/s10803-018-3855-8

Cited by 29 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Other concerns relate to motor or sensory delay or atypicality, as well as problems with sleep or feeding 104. In prospective studies of infants at risk, parents also report extremes of temperament (eg, the infant is too passive and has difficulty with self-regulation) that are associated with a later diagnosed autism in some studies 106107108109110…”

Section: Trajectories Of Behaviormentioning

confidence: 99%

Linking risk factors and outcomes in autism spectrum disorder: is there evidence for resilience?

Elsabbagh

2020

BMJ

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Autism spectrum disorder (referred to here as autism) is one of several overlapping neurodevelopmental conditions that have variable impacts on different individuals. This variability results from dynamic interactions between biological and non-biological risk factors, which result in increasing differentiation between individuals over time. Although this differentiation continues well into adulthood, the infancy period is when the brain and behavior develop rapidly, and when the first signs and symptoms of autism emerge. This review discusses advances in our understanding of the causal pathways leading to autism and overlapping neurodevelopmental conditions. Research is also mapping trajectories of brain and behavioral development for some risk groups, namely later born siblings of children with autism and/or infants referred because of developmental concerns. This knowledge has been useful in improving early identification and establishing the feasibility of targeted interventions for infant risk groups before symptoms arise. However, key knowledge gaps remain, such as the discovery of protective factors (biological or environmental) that may mitigate the impact of risk. Also, the dynamic mechanisms that underlie the associations between risk factors and outcomes need further research. These include the processes of resilience, which may explain why some individuals at risk for autism achieve better than expected outcomes. Bridging these knowledge gaps would help to provide tools for early identification and intervention that reflect dynamic developmental pathways from risk to outcomes.

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Section: Trajectories Of Behaviormentioning

confidence: 99%

Linking risk factors and outcomes in autism spectrum disorder: is there evidence for resilience?

Elsabbagh

2020

BMJ

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“…Pijl et al [35] confirmed above results, as they found through the ICBQ and ECBQ diverging levels of surgency (referring to engaging with environment, approach behaviours, positive affect and activity levels) from 8 to 14 months in EL-ASD as compared to EL-TD. Additionally, analyses from the TBAQ-R and the IBQ-R revealed that EL-ASD showed less effortful control (as the (in)ability to inhibit a dominant response) than EL-TD from 14 months, according to Pijl et al [35], but not according to Garon et al [57]. Zwaigenbaum et al [27] reported parents' description of their EL-ASD children at 12 months as having more frequent and intense distress reactions (suggesting effortful attempts and difficulties to suppress emotions), less inhibitory control, less positive anticipation and affective responses than EL-TD and TL children.…”

Section: Play (N = 2; Table 8)mentioning

confidence: 54%

“…Results from the visual orienting task revealed that disengagement discriminated EL from TL between 6 and 12 months [33]. From the end of children's first year and during the second year, differences were visible within the 12 months Zwaigenbaum et al [33] No significant between-group difference -Wass et al [34] Saccadic inhibitory control Inconclusive results (1 study): No significant between-group difference -Pijl et al [35] Visual search Inconclusive results: Visual search predictor of ASD versus 15 months, 2 years Gammer et al [29] No significant between-group difference -Cheung et al [36] Social Attention without social interaction…”

Section: Disengagement Of Attention (N = 5)mentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Several temperament dimensions have been explored in children at high risk for ASD. Results are based on the AOSI [65] in one study [46] and on the parent questionnaires Carey Temperament Scale (CTS; [75]), Toddler Behaviour Assessment Questionnaire (TBAQ; [76]), The Early Childhood Behaviour Questionnaire [77] and IBQ [67] in all others [33,35,[55][56][57]. Brian et al [46] assessed reactivity and transition from the AOSI [65].…”

Section: Play (N = 2; Table 8)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Early non-social behavioural indicators of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in siblings at elevated likelihood for ASD: a systematic review

Canu

Paelt

Canal‐Bedia

et al. 2020

Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry

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We aimed at identifying early non-social behavioural indicators that predict later ASD. Likewise, we were interested in the moment in which non-social signs discriminate between children at elevated likelihood for ASD with a later diagnosis of ASD, and children at elevated likelihood for ASD with a typical developmental outcome. In addition, we intended to explore the developmental evolution of children's symptomatology over time. A systematic literature search was conducted for longitudinal studies on early non-social behavioural indicators among siblings at elevated likelihood for ASD. The following databases were searched: PUBMED, Web of Science, PsycINFO, CINAHL and EMBASE. The study identification process was conducted by two reviewers independently. Compared to siblings at elevated likelihood for ASD with a typical developmental outcome, siblings at elevated likelihood for ASD with later ASD show impairments in attention disengagement, in gross and fine motor development and characteristic restricted and repetitive interests and behaviours, starting at 12 months of age. Moreover, early attention disengagement exerts a predictive role towards a later ASD diagnosis, given that from 12 months siblings at elevated likelihood for ASD who will receive an independent ASD diagnosis towards 24-36 months present marked difficulties in disengaging in comparison with siblings at elevated likelihood for ASD that will not satisfy the criteria for an ASD diagnosis. The findings call for a more comprehensive vision on early indicators of ASD. Further research is needed to extend results to other behavioural domains.

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“…ASD siblings or non-ASD siblings). Studies with infant siblings have reported that various dimensions of temperament appear to differ over time in high-risk infants compared with their low-risk peers, leading some investigators to suggest that atypical temperament may serve as an early sign of autism symptomatology (Zwaigenbaum et al 2005;Bryson et al 2007;Garon et al 2016;Paterson et al 2019;Pijl et al 2019) and early evidence of executive dysfunction (Barkley 1997).…”

Section: Temperament Over Time In Autism Spectrum Disordermentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in temperament over time in young children with autism spectrum disorder and other developmental delays: a follow‐up comparison study

Reyes

Walsh

Soke

et al. 2019

J intellect Disabil Res

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Background Although in the last decade some research has emerged on temperament in autism spectrum disorder (ASD), this research has primarily focused on the differences between children with ASD and their typically developing peers rather than the stability or change in temperament in this population. Thus, the goal of this study was to examine temperament over time in children with ASD, developmental delays (DD) and typical development (TD). Temperament differences were also compared among the three groups. Methods To accomplish this, parents rated children's temperament at Time 1 (T1) and Time 2 (T2) using the Carey Temperament Scales (CTS). Results Results from the study showed that at T1, parents of children with ASD rated their children as more withdrawn (i.e. approach), and emotionally negative (i.e. mood), and less distractible and adaptable than parents of children with TD and DD. Also, children with ASD were rated as more intense and children with DD as less distractible than their TD peers. Similarly, at T2, children with ASD were rated more withdrawn, and emotionally negative, and less persistent, rhythmic, adaptable and distractible than children with TD and DD. Also, children with ASD were rated as more active than their DD peers. Regarding stability, parent ratings of temperament appeared stable over time in the TD group, but ratings varied substantially in the ASD or DD groups. That is, for the ASD group, activity and approach at T1 were significantly associated with their corresponding dimensions at T2. However, for the TD group, rhythmicity, approach, intensity and mood at T1 were significantly associated with those dimensions at T2. No associations were found in the DD group. Regarding change, parents reported change in rhythmicity, persistence and threshold between T1 and T2 in the ASD group. Similarly, parents reported change in rhythmicity, approach and threshold between T1 and T2 in the DD group. Lastly, parents of TD children reported change in adaptability, persistence and distractibility between T1 and T2. Conclusions These findings are novel in that children with ASD appear to have less stable temperament profile and different change patterns than children with TD or DD. Similar to previous research, children with ASD were described by their parents as experiencing more temperamental difficulties.

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Temperament as an Early Risk Marker for Autism Spectrum Disorders? A Longitudinal Study of High-Risk and Low-Risk Infants

Cited by 29 publications

References 37 publications

Linking risk factors and outcomes in autism spectrum disorder: is there evidence for resilience?

Linking risk factors and outcomes in autism spectrum disorder: is there evidence for resilience?

Early non-social behavioural indicators of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in siblings at elevated likelihood for ASD: a systematic review

Changes in temperament over time in young children with autism spectrum disorder and other developmental delays: a follow‐up comparison study

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