Temperament, Anxiety, and Depression: Comparisons Across Five Ethnic Groups of Children

Austin, Ayda Aukahi; Chorpita, Bruce F.

doi:10.1207/s15374424jccp3302_2

Cited by 92 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Although administration of a structured interview to establish diagnoses would represent a methodological improvement, the validity of the self-report measures used in this study is well-established. Furthermore, virtually all studies of racial/ethnic differences in adolescent symptomatology have relied on self-report measures (e.g., Austin and Chorpita 2004;Cole et al 1998;Roberts et al 1997). Nonetheless, epidemiologic studies of diagnosed psychiatric disorders among adolescents should be conducted with a particular focus on examining differences in prevalence and incidence across racial/ethnic groups.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Two of these studies examined frequency and intensity of common fears and reported variability across racial/ethnic groups (Ollendick et al 1996;Shore and Rappaport 1998) with White children reporting the lowest levels of fear. A large study conducted in Hawaii reported significant group differences in the prevalence of symptoms of separation anxiety disorder, panic disorder, social anxiety, and obsessivecompulsive disorder (Austin and Chorpita 2004) with White children generally endorsing lower levels of symptoms than other groups (Filipino, Native Hawaiian, and Asian American). Three other studies have reported racial/ethnic differences in anxiety symptoms among clinical of children and adolescents seeking treatment for an anxiety disorder Ginsburg and Silverman 1996;Pina and Silverman 2004).…”

Section: Anxietymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some studies document significant group differences (e.g., Roberts and Chen 1995;Austin and Chorpita 2004) while others have reported no differences in symptoms across groups (e.g., Cole et al 1998). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Racial/Ethnic Differences in Internalizing and Externalizing Symptoms in Adolescents

McLaughlin

Hilt

Nolen–Hoeksema

2007

J Abnorm Child Psychol

325

182

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The prevalence of most adult psychiatric disorders varies across racial/ethnic groups and has important implications for prevention and intervention efforts. Research on racial/ethnic differences in the prevalence of internalizing and externalizing symptoms and disorders in adolescents has been less consistent or generally lacking. The current study examined the prevalence of these symptom groups in a large sample of sixth, seventh, and eighth graders in which the three major racial/ethnic groups in the U.S. (White, Black, and Hispanic/Latino) were well-represented. Hispanic females reported experiencing higher levels of depression, anxiety, and reputational aggression than other groups. Black males reported the highest levels of overtly aggressive behavior and also reported higher levels of physiologic anxiety and disordered eating than males from other racial/ethnic groups. Hispanic females also exhibited higher levels of comorbidity than other racial/ethnic groups. KeywordsRacial/ethnic differences; Adolescence; Anxiety; Depression; Eating pathology; Aggression Racial/ethnic differences in the prevalence of symptoms of depression (Blazer et al. 1994;Kessler et al. 1994), anxiety (Brown et al. 1990), and eating disorders (Striegel-Moore et al. 2003) have been documented in a number of studies utilizing adult samples. There has been substantially less work examining racial/ethnic differences in the prevalence of psychopathology in adolescents. Large epidemiologic studies of adolescent psychopathology have typically not focused on racial/ethnic group differences in symptoms or have not included substantial numbers of ethnic minorities. For example, in the Oregon Adolescent Depression Project (Lewinsohn et al. 1993) over 90% of participants were White. Similarly, in the Dunedin Multidisciplinary Health and Development Study the vast majority of participants were White (e.g., McGee et al. 1990). Understanding racial/ethnic differences in psychopathology is important for the identification of at-risk groups and targets for prevention efforts, improvement of mental health services, and as a first step in understanding the mechanisms by which risk factors confer vulnerability to psychopathology differentially on various segments of the population.The research that has been conducted examining race/ethnicity differences in adolescent psychopathology has yielded inconsistent findings about differences in the prevalence of symptoms of depression, anxiety, eating disorders, and aggression. Some studies document significant group differences (e.g., Roberts and Chen 1995;Austin and Chorpita 2004) while others have reported no differences in symptoms across groups (e.g., Cole et al. 1998).Correspondence to: Katie A. McLaughlin, katie.mclaughlin@yale.edu. Another explanation for disparate findings in studies comparing rates of symptoms in different racial/ethnic groups involves the inclusion of children and adolescents from different age groups (e.g., Kistner et al. 2003;Ollendick et al. 1996). The prevalence of inte...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Anxietymentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Racial/Ethnic Differences in Internalizing and Externalizing Symptoms in Adolescents

McLaughlin

Hilt

Nolen–Hoeksema

2007

J Abnorm Child Psychol

325

182

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…More specifically, the age distribution was as follows: 18.9, 19.7, 16.8, 16, 11.3, 11.8 and 5.5% for age 8,9,10,11,12,13, and 14 respectively. From this total sample, 75.7% (n = 184) participated in wave 2 and 24.3% (n = 59) did not participate in wave 2.…”

Section: Referred Samplementioning

confidence: 99%

Affective Determinants of Anxiety and Depression Development in Children and Adolescents: An Individual Growth Curve Analysis

Bolle

Clercq

Decuyper

et al. 2011

Child Psychiatry Hum Dev

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The tripartite model (in Clark and Watson, J Abnorm Psychol 100:316-336, 1991) comprises Negative Affect (NA), Positive Affect (PA), and Physiological Hyperarousal (PH), three temperamental-based dimensions. The current study examined the tripartite model's assumptions that (a) NA interacts with PA to predict subsequent depressive (but not anxiety) symptom developments and (b) NA interacts with PH to predict subsequent anxiety (but not depressive) symptom developments in a sample of 243 community and referred children and adolescents (42.8% boys; M age = 10.87 years, SD = 1.83). Results confirmed that individuals with a combined high NA/low PA profile display the least favorable course of depressive -but not anxiety- symptoms. In contrast with the model, the combination of NA and PH influenced the development of depression, but not anxiety. Relations were not moderated by sex or sample. Results revealed that the assessment of the tripartite components is warranted as it can help to identify children at risk for an unfavorable depressive symptom course.

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“…Research supports the role of negative affectivity being positively related to anxiety and depression and low positive affectivity (i.e., anhedonia) being related to depression (e.g., Austin and Chorpita 2004;Chorpita 2002;Chorpita and Daleiden 2002;Chorpita et al 2000a;Lambert et al 2004). For example, Jacques and Mash (2004) examined the relationships between positive and negative affectivity and anxiety and depression in a sample of elementary and high school aged boys and girls (n = 472) and found general support using structural equation modeling (SEM).…”

Section: Positive and Negative Affectivitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Cognitive Risk Factors to the Development of Anxiety and Depressive Disorders in Adolescents

Dia

Bradshaw

2008

Child Adolesc Soc Work J

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This exploratory study examines cognitive risk factors, anxiety sensitivity, and positive and negative affect, as related to the development of anxiety and depression. In a mailed survey, adolescents completed the Child Anxiety Sensitivity Index and the Positive and Negative Affectivity Scale. Previous research utilized the broad and unified variable of anxiety sensitivity as a predictor of anxiety. In this study, we separate and examine the four specific factors of anxiety sensitivity: mental incapacitation concerns, social concerns, disease concerns, and unsteady concerns, and relate it to specific anxiety disorders and depression. Results indicate good convergent validity and improved divergent validity when utilizing the four factors of anxiety sensitivity as compared to using it as one construct. Results also suggest: (1) OCD and GAD share numerous similarities and (2) the importance of the role of negative affectivity in anxiety and depression. Being aware of the components of anxiety sensitivity and how they relate to specific anxiety disorders can help a social worker when rendering a diagnosis.A review of the literature establishes that anxiety and depression are common in adolescents with a 12-month prevalence rate of 6.9% for anxiety and 1.7% for depression (Roberts et al. 2006). These disorders can develop during childhood or later in adolescence and can potentially create a significant burden for the

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Temperament, Anxiety, and Depression: Comparisons Across Five Ethnic Groups of Children

Cited by 92 publications

References 42 publications

Racial/Ethnic Differences in Internalizing and Externalizing Symptoms in Adolescents

Racial/Ethnic Differences in Internalizing and Externalizing Symptoms in Adolescents

Affective Determinants of Anxiety and Depression Development in Children and Adolescents: An Individual Growth Curve Analysis

Cognitive Risk Factors to the Development of Anxiety and Depressive Disorders in Adolescents

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