Temperament and Risk for Exercise Dependence: Results of a Pilot Study in Female Patients with Eating Disorders Compared to Elite Athletes

Müller, Astrid; Claes, Laurence; Wos, Katharina; Kerling, Arno; Wünsch‐Leiteritz, Wally; Cook, Brian J.; Zwaan, Martina de

doi:10.1159/000436978

Cited by 10 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…This is a finding in accordance with a previous study [52] . The same difficulty was reported from the EDS [53] . The comparably high CES-de total scores in the athletes might be due to several items that refer to a problematic and obsessive commitment to exercise in nonathletes, but not in athletes.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 70%

Validation of the German Version of the Commitment to Exercise Scale

et al. 2017

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Pathological forms of exercising are a topic of debate in terms of classification, etiology, and treatment. Validated instruments are a precondition for research in this field. The aim of this study was to validate the German version of the Commitment to Exercise Scale (CES-de). A confirmatory factor analysis was conducted using data from a large community sample (n = 571). In a second study, 100 eating disordered patients, 107 elite athletes and 100 individuals engaged in leisure time sporting activities were compared to assess discriminant validity and psychological correlates. A 1-factor solution showed the best fit to the data. The CES-de differentiated between the eating disordered group and individuals engaged in leisure time sporting activities, but not between those with an eating disorder and competitive athletes. The total score was significantly correlated with drive for thinness, perfectionism, and overall psychopathology. The CES-de can be considered a valid instrument for measuring problematic behavioral and attitudinal aspects of the commitment to exercise. The use of the CES-de total score is recommended. However, a more specific instrument should be used for athletes. A limitation of the study is that the samples were not stratified by age and gender.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 70%

Validation of the German Version of the Commitment to Exercise Scale

et al. 2017

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“…In that case, EXD is secondary to an anorexia or bulimia nervosa and serves as a compensatory behavior to deal with weight and shape concerns. Primary EXD, on the other hand, is characterized by the absence of an underlying eating disorder and mainly driven by goals such as athletic performance or fun from sportive activities ( Cook et al, 2013 ; Coverley Veale, 1987 ; Müller et al, 2015 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk for exercise dependence, eating disorder pathology, alcohol use disorder and addictive behaviors among clients of fitness centers

Müller¹,

Loeber²,

Söchtig³

et al. 2015

J Behav Addict

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Background and AimsExercise dependence (EXD) is considered a behavioral addiction that is often associated with eating disorders. To date, only few studies examined the potential overlap between EXD and other addictive behaviors. Therefore, the present study aimed at investigating the relationship of EXD with pathological buying, pathological video gaming (offline and online), hypersexual behavior, and alcohol use disorder in a sample of clients of fitness centers.MethodsThe following questionnaires were answered by 128 individuals (age M = 26.5, SD = 6.7 years; 71.7% men, 74.2% university students): Exercise Dependence Scale, Eating Disorder Examination-Questionnaire, Compulsive Buying Scale, Pathological Computer-Gaming Scale, Hypersexual Behavior Inventory, and Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT).Results7.8% of the sample were at-risk for EXD, 10.9% reported eating disorder pathology, 2.3% pathological buying, 3.1% hypersexual behavior, and none of the participants suffered from pathological video gaming. The criteria for severe alcohol disorder pathology (AUDIT ≥ 16) were fulfilled by 10.2%. With regard to continuous symptom scores, EXD symptoms were positively correlated with both eating disorder pathology and pathological buying but not with pathological video gaming, hypersexuality or alcohol use disorder. It is noteworthy that more symptoms of pathological buying corresponded with more symptoms of hypersexual behavior. The correlation pattern did not differ by gender.DiscussionThe co-occurrence of EXD, pathological buying and hypersexual behavior on a subclinical level or in the early stage of the disorders should be taken into account when assessing and treating patients. More research is warranted in order to investigate possible interactions between these conditions.

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“…Currently, interest in the psychological factors determining sports achievement has also significantly increased. Many authors have pointed out that individual factors such as personality and temperament traits are the basis for the development of the skills needed in competitive sport [10,17,18]. Additionally, supporting mental health and well-being, especially in young athletes, is very important [19].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Feasibility Study of the Usefulness of the TEMPS-A Scale in Assessing Affective Temperament in Athletes

et al. 2022

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Background and objectives: Current studies show an important role of affective temperament in sport performance. The aim of this study was to assess the feasibility of the use of the TEMPS-A scale, by using it to examine five dimensions of affective temperament in three groups of athletes. We hypothesized that temperament may be a predisposing factor to the level of commitment and type of training. Materials and methods: The study group (N:71, 33 female) consisted of professional canoeists (N:25, aged 18–30), sports pilots (N:21, aged 19–57) and non-professionals regularly performing aerobic exercises (N:25, aged 23–33). The Affective Temperament of Pisa, Paris and San Diego Autoquestionnaire (TEMPS-A) was used to evaluate affective temperament dimensions. Statistical analysis was performed using non-parametric tests. Results: The TEMPS_A scale shows good internal consistency; a hyperthymic temperament was associated with different factors compared to other temperament traits. The most prevalent trait in the study group was hyperthymic temperament. The study group scored higher on hyperthymic and lower on depressive and anxious temperaments when compared with the general population. Canoeists scored higher on cyclothymic temperament compared with non-professional athletes and on cyclothymic and irritable dimensions in comparison with pilots. Pilots obtained significantly lower scores on irritable and anxious temperaments than non-professional athletes. Females scored higher on both hyperthymic and irritable dimensions. No significant differences were found in respect of depressive, cyclothymic and anxious traits. Age was negatively correlated with cyclothymic and irritable temperament scores. Conclusions: TEMPS-A scale is a useful tool for assessing affective temperament in athletes. The results suggest that affective temperament may be a factor influencing physical activity engagement. Different types of activities may be connected with different temperament dimensions. Younger athletes present a higher tendency to mood lability and sensitivity to environmental factors. However, further research is needed, involving larger numbers of subjects.

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Temperament and Risk for Exercise Dependence: Results of a Pilot Study in Female Patients with Eating Disorders Compared to Elite Athletes

Cited by 10 publications

References 34 publications

Validation of the German Version of the Commitment to Exercise Scale

Validation of the German Version of the Commitment to Exercise Scale

Risk for exercise dependence, eating disorder pathology, alcohol use disorder and addictive behaviors among clients of fitness centers

A Feasibility Study of the Usefulness of the TEMPS-A Scale in Assessing Affective Temperament in Athletes

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