Temperament and character profile of eating disorders: A controlled study with the Temperament and Character Inventory

Fassino, Secondo; Abbate-Daga, Giovanni; Amianto, Federico; Leombruni, Paolo; Boggio, S.; Rovera, Gian Giacomo

doi:10.1002/eat.10099

Cited by 187 publications

(198 citation statements)

References 32 publications

(44 reference statements)

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“…Clinical information was available from most of the patients. The average age at assessment was 25 2) for AN cases. In total, 87 ED patients (47 AN and 37 BN) of the total clinical sample completed the Temperamental and Character inventory (TCI-R) and were considered to determine the NTRK2 participation in different personality traits.…”

Section: Study Subjectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contribution of NTRK2 to the genetic susceptibility to anorexia nervosa, Harm avoidance and minimum body mass index

et al. 2005

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Anorexia nervosa (AN) and bulimia nervosa (BN) are eating disorders (ED) with complex genetic and environmental components. Genetic studies and animal models support the participation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the vulnerability to AN and BN. We investigated the genetic contribution of the BDNF-specific receptor neurotrophic tyrosine kinase receptor type 2 (NTRK2) to the susceptibility to ED. We have screened the entire NTRK2 gene in 91 patients with ED and have identified 14 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). A population-based association study with six SNPs from the NTRK2 locus was performed in 164 ED patients and 121 controls. Significant evidence of association for markers -69C4G and IVS13 þ 40G4A was detected. We also observed a strong association between the C-A-insC haplotype (-69/IVS13 þ 40/2784-2785) and binge-eating/purging AN (ANP, P ¼ 0.006; OR ¼ 2.27), and a reduced frequency of haplotype G-A-delCl in BN patients (P ¼ 0.034; OR ¼ 0.6). The analysis of ED-related phenotypes revealed a clear association between NTRK2, high scores of Harm avoidance measured by the temperament and character inventory (TCI-R; P ¼ 0.003) and minimum body mass index (minBMI; Po0.001). Our data support a contribution of NTRK2 to the genetic susceptibility of ED, mainly ANP, and ED-related phenotypic traits, such as Harm avoidance and minBMI. Keywords: anorexia; bulimia; eating disorders; harm avoidance; BDNF; NTRK2 Eating disorders (ED) are complex psychiatric diseases characterized by alterations in eating behaviour, body shape perception and body weight regulation. Different genetic, psychological and environmental factors contribute to the vulnerability to both anorexia nervosa (AN) and bulimia nervosa (BN), but the pathophysiology of these disorders is still largely unknown. 1 Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) encodes for a neurotrophic factor expressed in the hypothalamic nuclei that regulate eating behaviour and modulates synaptic efficiency and neuronal plasticity through the control of different neurotransmitter systems previously involved in ED.2,3 Intraventricular administration of Bdnf induces appetite suppression and body weight reduction in rats, while Bdnf knockout mice develop obesity associated to hyperphagia and serotonin dysfunctions.3-5 Moreover, we and others have previously reported a strong association between BDNF and both AN and BN in different populations. [6][7][8][9] Due to the strong association between BDNF and ED, we propose its high-affinity receptor neurotrophic tyrosine kinase receptor type 2 (NTRK2) as a candidate gene to participate in the aetiology of ED and suggest that alterations on its function or expression pattern could contribute to the development of AN and BN. Different lines of evidences support this hypothesis. NTRK2 is expressed in hypothalamic neurons that control food intake and energy expenditure. Infusion of the Ntrk2 specific ligands, Bdnf or Nt4/5, transiently reverse the eating behaviour and obesity of the Bdnf (7) knockout mice and the ...

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Section: Study Subjectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contribution of NTRK2 to the genetic susceptibility to anorexia nervosa, Harm avoidance and minimum body mass index

et al. 2005

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“…This idea is particularly applicable to anorexia nervosa (AN), a devastating condition with the highest mortality rate of any psychiatric illness (Harris and Barraclough, 1998). AN is associated with somatic preoccupation with visceral gut sensations (eg, fullness; Perez et al, 2013), as well as heightened fear and anxious rumination (Frank et al, 2012;Startup et al, 2013), and enduring anxiety-related personality traits such as harm avoidance (Brewerton et al, 1993;Fassino et al, 2002). Because of this, influential theoretical accounts about the neurobiology of AN have recently highlighted the likely role of interoceptive regions in the insula in the pathophysiology of the disorder (Kaye et al, 2009(Kaye et al, , 2013Nunn et al, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Altered Insula Activity during Visceral Interoception in Weight-Restored Patients with Anorexia Nervosa

Kerr

Moseman

Avery

et al. 2015

Neuropsychopharmacol

130

123

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Anorexia nervosa (AN) is a devastating psychiatric illness that is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Aberrant visceral interoceptive processing within the insula has been hypothesized to be an important mechanism in AN's pathophysiology due to the theoretical link between interoception and emotional experience. We therefore utilized functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to examine whether altered insula functioning underlies visceral interoception in AN. Fifteen females with restricting-type AN and 15 healthy control females underwent fMRI while performing an interoceptive attention task during which they focused on sensations in their heart, stomach, and bladder. Participants also performed an anxious rumination task while in the scanner. AN participants were weight-restored and free of psychotropic medications. Two distinct regions of the insula-anterior insula and dorsal mid-insula-exhibited a significant (po0.05) interaction between group and interoceptive modality. The post hoc analyses revealed that in the dorsal mid-insula the interaction was driven by group differences during stomach interoception (p = 0.002, Bonferroni corrected), whereas in the anterior insula the interaction was driven by group differences during heart interoception (p = 0.03, Bonferroni corrected). In addition, individuals with AN displayed increased activation during anxious rumination in the dorsal mid-insula, and activation in this region during stomach interoception was correlated with measures of anxiety and psychopathology. This relationship between altered visceral interoception and clinical symptoms in AN suggests an important mechanism for the disorder. Additional research is needed to examine whether interventions targeting visceral interoception may increase the efficacy of treatments for AN.

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“…Behavioural and psychological risk factors include dieting, not perhaps so much to be thin, but to feel emotionally empty (Patton et al, 1999;Fairburn et al, 2005), personality (Ghaderi & Scott, 2000), notably harm avoidance, low self-directedness, and low (anorexia nervosa) and high (bulimia nervosa) levels of novelty seeking (Fassino et al, 2002), neuroticism (Bollen & Wojciechowski, 2004) related to affective dysregulation, and personality disorders (Bulik et al, 2006;Claes et al, 2006;Johnson et al, 2006).…”

Section: Risk Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…agreeableness, prosocial behaviours, resilience and control) or factors hampering recovery like neuroticism, dysregulative traits, harm avoidance, low novelty seeking, high persistence and low self-directedness (Claes et al, 2006;Fassino et al, 2002;Holliday et al, 2006). Obviously, facilitating personality traits may relate positively to the ability of acting according to ones own purposes or determination while harm avoidance and neuroticism may be more associated with reinforcement through extrinsic motivation.…”

Section: Process Elements and Potentials For Changementioning

confidence: 99%

Towards a Comprehensive Model of Recovery

Rosenvinge¹,

Pettersen²

2012

Relevant Topics in Eating Disorders

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Temperament and character profile of eating disorders: A controlled study with the Temperament and Character Inventory

Abstract: The dimensional study of personality through the TCI and its facets seems effective in discriminating the personality traits underlying the different subtypes of Eating Disorders. The hypothesis of an Eating Disorders spectrum and its clinical implications are discussed.

Cited by 187 publications

References 32 publications

Contribution of NTRK2 to the genetic susceptibility to anorexia nervosa, Harm avoidance and minimum body mass index

Contribution of NTRK2 to the genetic susceptibility to anorexia nervosa, Harm avoidance and minimum body mass index

Altered Insula Activity during Visceral Interoception in Weight-Restored Patients with Anorexia Nervosa

Towards a Comprehensive Model of Recovery

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