TEM and nanomechanical studies on tribological surface modifications formed on roller bearings under controlled lubrication conditions

Reichelt, Manuela; Weirich, Thomas E.; Wolf, Thomas M.; Loos, Jörg; Gold, Peter Werner; Fajfrowski, Michel

doi:10.1007/s10853-006-0147-z

Cited by 15 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…There are several viable methods in the literature, such as cadmium or Zn–Ni coating, or the deliberate formation of stable oxides, such as "Black oxide" magnetite () [79]. in particular has been shown to reduce wear [172]; thus, this coating may be particularly useful in bearing applications. Other compounds, such as [12], and have been proposed [56, 211, 238].…”

Section: Hydrogen Embrittlement Mitigation Strategies and Design Of Nmentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding and mitigating hydrogen embrittlement of steels: a review of experimental, modelling and design progress from atomistic to continuum

et al. 2018

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Hydrogen embrittlement is a complex phenomenon, involving several lengthand timescales, that affects a large class of metals. It can significantly reduce the ductility and load-bearing capacity and cause cracking and catastrophic brittle failures at stresses below the yield stress of susceptible materials. Despite a large research effort in attempting to understand the mechanisms of failure and in developing potential mitigating solutions, hydrogen embrittlement mechanisms are still not completely understood. There are controversial opinions in the literature regarding the underlying mechanisms and related experimental evidence supporting each of these theories. The aim of this paper is to provide a detailed review up to the current state of the art on the effect of hydrogen on the degradation of metals, with a particular focus on steels. Here, we describe the effect of hydrogen in steels from the atomistic to the continuum scale by reporting theoretical evidence supported by quantum calculation and modern experimental characterisation methods, macroscopic effects that influence the mechanical properties of steels and established damaging mechanisms for the embrittlement of steels. Furthermore, we give an insight into current approaches and new mitigation strategies used to design new steels resistant to hydrogen embrittlement.

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Section: Hydrogen Embrittlement Mitigation Strategies and Design Of Nmentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding and mitigating hydrogen embrittlement of steels: a review of experimental, modelling and design progress from atomistic to continuum

et al. 2018

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“…The coating may, for example, help reduce surface degrading reactions between additives in the lubricant and the steel surface, thus mitigating the initiation of surface cracks. 11,23,24) Surface distress has under test conditions been reduced in black-oxide coated samples. 11) And the tendency for micropitting is reduced by the presence of black oxide during rolling-sliding wear tests, when compared to untreated steel.…”

Section: Black Oxidementioning

confidence: 99%

Prevention of Hydrogen Embrittlement in Steels

2016

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The essential facts about the nature of the hydrogen embrittlement of steels have now been known for 140 years. It is diffusible hydrogen that is harmful to the toughness of iron. It follows, therefore, that the harmful influence of diffusible hydrogen can be mitigated by preventing its entry into steel or by rendering it immobile once it penetrates the material. This review deals with the methods that might be implemented to design steels and components that resist hydrogen embrittlement by reducing the intake of hydrogen or rendering it innocuous when it does penetrate the steel.

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“…In a separate but similar study, shallow cracks were observed in a tested tapered roller bearing raceway surface made of case carburized AISI 8119 steel only when an intentionally aggressive experimental sulfurphosphorus additive package was used [4]. Reichelt et al used FIB/TEM to evaluate tribochemical wear of throughhardened AISI 52100 bearing surfaces after testing with a variety of lubricants, showing that differences in lubricant additive formulation can be responsible for stark differences in tribofilm thickness and composition [5]. Other recent studies have applied FIB/TEM to evaluate tribofilms formed in a sliding contact using a lubricant containing zinc dialkyl dithiophosphate (ZDDP) [6] and in a rolling/ sliding contact using ZDDP and molybdenum dialkyl dithiocarbamate (MoDTC) [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Influence of Steel Type on the Propensity for Tribochemical Wear in Boundary Lubrication with a Wind Turbine Gear Oil

2010

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Tribochemical wear may occur at the interface between a surface and a lubricant as a result of chemical and mechanical interactions in a tribological contact. Understanding the onset of tribochemical wear damage on component surfaces requires the use of high resolution techniques such as transmission electron microscopy (TEM). In this study, two steel types, case carburized AISI 3310 and through-hardened AISI 52100, were wear tested using a ball-on-disk rolling/sliding contact tribometer in fully formulated commercial wind turbine gearbox oil under boundary lubrication conditions with 10% slip. With the exception of steel type, all other test conditions were held constant. Conventional tribofilm analysis in the wear tracks was performed using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and no significant composition differences were detected in the tribofilms for the different steel disk types. However, TEM analysis revealed significant tribochemical wear differences between the two steel types at multiple length scales, from the near-surface material microstructure (depth \ 500 nm) to the tribofilm nanostructure. Nanometer-scale interfacial cracking and surface particle detachment was observed for the AISI 52100 case, whereas the tribofilm/substrate interface was abrupt and undamaged for the AISI 3310 case. Differences in tribofilm structure, including the location and orientation of MoS 2 single sheet inclusions, were observed as a function of steel type as well. It is suggested that the tribochemical wear modes observed in these experiments may be origins of macroscopic surface-initiated damage such as micropitting in bearings and gears.

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TEM and nanomechanical studies on tribological surface modifications formed on roller bearings under controlled lubrication conditions

Cited by 15 publications

References 9 publications

Understanding and mitigating hydrogen embrittlement of steels: a review of experimental, modelling and design progress from atomistic to continuum

Understanding and mitigating hydrogen embrittlement of steels: a review of experimental, modelling and design progress from atomistic to continuum

Prevention of Hydrogen Embrittlement in Steels

Influence of Steel Type on the Propensity for Tribochemical Wear in Boundary Lubrication with a Wind Turbine Gear Oil

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