Telomere in Aging and Age-Related Diseases

Abstract

B ACKGROUND:The number of elderly population in the world keep increasing. In their advanced ages, many elderly face years of disability because of multiple chronic diseases, frailty, making them lost their independence. Consequently, this could have impacts on social and economic stability. A huge challenge has been sent for biomedical researchers to compress or at least eliminate this period of disability and increase the health span. CONTENT:Over the past decades, many studies of telomere biology have demonstrated that telomeres and telomere-associated proteins are implicated in human diseases. Accelerated telomere erosion was clearly correlated with a pack of metabolic and inflammatory diseases. Critically short telomeres or the unprotected end, are likely to form telomeric fusion, generating genomic Abstract R E V I E W A R T I C L Einstability, the cornerstone for carcinogenesis. Enlightening how telomeres involved in the mechanisms underlying the diseases' pathogenesis was expected to uncover new molecular targets for any important diagnosis or therapeutic implications. SUMMARY:Telomere shortening was foreseen as an imporant mechanism to supress tumor by limiting cellular proliferative capacity by regulating senescence check point activation. Many human diseases and carcinogenesis are causally related to defective telomeres, asserting the importance of telomeres sustainment. Thus, telomere length assessment might serve as an important tool for clinical prognostic, diagnostic, monitoring and management.

Telomeres and Telomerase in The Aging Heart

“…These pathologies indicate that telomere dysfunction elicits a degenerative state via additional mechanisms beyond the classical senescence and apoptosis checkpoints. (53,54) Telomere-dysfunction-induced repression of the PGC network is associated with mitochondrial dysfunction as evidenced by compromised OXPHOS and respiration, decreased ATP generation capacity, and increased oxidative stress. Importantly, given evidence of non-telomere-related functions of TERT (55,56), this also demonstrated that, with onset of telomere dysfunction, TERC -/-mice (normal TERT expression) experience degenerative phenotypes indistinguishable of those in the TERT -/-model.…”

Genetic Variation of <i>hTERT</i>, Leukocyte Telomere Length and the Risk of Breast Cancer: A Case-Control Study in Egyptian Females

“…Telomeres function is to maintain genetic stability by protecting chromosome during repetitive DNA replication cycles [4]. Due to the end-replication problem, telomeres are shortened in most somatic tissues, and are proposed physiological markers of aging and age-related pathology as well as cancer [5]. The function of telomeres and its role in cancer development is mainly determined by telomere length (TL) [6].…”