Telomere biology in aging and cancer: early history and perspectives

Hayashi, Makoto

doi:10.1266/ggs.17-00010

Cited by 18 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 125 publications

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“…Therefore, telomere ends progressively shorten after each cell division. These loss of telomere repeats are cumulative, leading to eventual chromosomal instability and senescence or apoptosis [19,20]. Tumor cells adopt TMM to prevent telomere shortening, acquire replicative immortality, and represent a malignant hallmark of several cancer cells [21].…”

Section: Tmm: a Distinct Prognostic Factor For High-risk Nbmentioning

confidence: 99%

How Do Telomere Abnormalities Regulate the Biology of Neuroblastoma?

Akter

2021

Biomolecules

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Telomere maintenance plays important roles in genome stability and cell proliferation. Tumor cells acquire replicative immortality by activating a telomere-maintenance mechanism (TMM), either telomerase, a reverse transcriptase, or the alternative lengthening of telomeres (ALT) mechanism. Recent advances in the genetic and molecular characterization of TMM revealed that telomerase activation and ALT define distinct neuroblastoma (NB) subgroups with adverse outcomes, and represent promising therapeutic targets in high-risk neuroblastoma (HRNB), an aggressive childhood solid tumor that accounts for 15% of all pediatric-cancer deaths. Patients with HRNB frequently present with widely metastatic disease, with tumors harboring recurrent genetic aberrations (MYCN amplification, TERT rearrangements, and ATRX mutations), which are mutually exclusive and capable of promoting TMM. This review provides recent insights into our understanding of TMM in NB tumors, and highlights emerging therapeutic strategies as potential treatments for telomerase- and ALT-positive tumors.

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Section: Tmm: a Distinct Prognostic Factor For High-risk Nbmentioning

confidence: 99%

How Do Telomere Abnormalities Regulate the Biology of Neuroblastoma?

Akter

2021

Biomolecules

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“…Telomere length physiologically shortens with age and predicts the onset of replicative senescence. Telomerase is a significant enzyme that maintains chromosome ends [ 29 ]. Familial interstitial pneumonia usually occurs at a younger age than non-familial IPF [ 30 ].…”

Section: Accelerated Ageing: the Importance Of Telomeres And Other Gementioning

confidence: 99%

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis beyond the lung: understanding disease mechanisms to improve diagnosis and management

et al. 2021

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Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic and progressive disorder with an estimated median survival time of 3–5 years after diagnosis. This condition occurs primarily in elderly subjects, and epidemiological studies suggest that the main risk factors, ageing and exposure to cigarette smoke, are associated with both pulmonary and extrapulmonary comorbidities (defined as the occurrence of two or more disorders in a single individual). Ageing and senescence, through interactions with environmental factors, may contribute to the pathogenesis of IPF by various mechanisms, causing lung epithelium damage and increasing the resistance of myofibroblasts to apoptosis, eventually resulting in extracellular matrix accumulation and pulmonary fibrosis. As a paradigm, syndromes featuring short telomeres represent archetypal premature ageing syndromes and are often associated with pulmonary fibrosis. The pathophysiological features induced by ageing and senescence in patients with IPF may translate to pulmonary and extrapulmonary features, including emphysema, pulmonary hypertension, lung cancer, coronary artery disease, gastro-oesophageal reflux, diabetes mellitus and many other chronic diseases, which may lead to substantial negative consequences in terms of various outcome parameters in IPF. Therefore, the careful diagnosis and treatment of comorbidities may represent an outstanding chance to improve quality of life and survival, and it is necessary to contemplate all possible management options for IPF, including early identification and treatment of comorbidities.

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“…Telomeres are nucleotide repeated sequences of eukaryotic linear chromosomes that cap the chromosome ends to protect from undesirable enzymatic activities. In absence of specific enzymatic activity of telomerase, telomeres shorten with every cell division, being thereby substantially involved in aging processes (Hayashi, 2018;Liu et al, 2019). Emerging evidence, however, indicates the age-related telomere shortening depends not only on the number of divisions that cells have undergone, but also on the level of oxidative stress (Koliada et al, 2015).…”

Section: Synthetic Antioxidants: Health Benefits and Hazardsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanodelivery of Natural Antioxidants: An Anti-aging Perspective

Vaiserman

Koliada

Zayachkivska

et al. 2020

Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol.

123

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The aging process is known to be associated with heightened oxidative stress and related systemic inflammation. Therefore, antioxidant supplementation is regarded as a promising strategy to combat aging and associated pathological conditions. Food-grade antioxidants from plant-derived extracts are the most common ingredients of these supplements. Phyto-bioactive compounds such as curcumin, resveratrol, catechins, quercetin are among the most commonly applied natural compounds used as potential modulators of the free radical-induced cellular damages. The therapeutic potential of these compounds is, however, restricted by their low bioavailability related to poor solubility, stability, and absorbance in gastrointestinal tract. Recently, novel nanotechnology-based systems were developed for therapeutic delivery of natural antioxidants with improved bioavailability and, consequently, efficacy in clinical practice. Such systems have provided many benefits in preclinical research over the conventional preparations, including superior solubility and stability, extended half-life, improved epithelium permeability and bioavailability, enhanced tissue targeting, and minimized side effects. The present review summarizes recent developments in nanodelivery of natural antioxidants and its application to combat pathological conditions associated with oxidative stress.

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Telomere biology in aging and cancer: early history and perspectives

Cited by 18 publications

References 125 publications

How Do Telomere Abnormalities Regulate the Biology of Neuroblastoma?

How Do Telomere Abnormalities Regulate the Biology of Neuroblastoma?

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis beyond the lung: understanding disease mechanisms to improve diagnosis and management

Nanodelivery of Natural Antioxidants: An Anti-aging Perspective

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