Telocytes in the Tumor Microenvironment

Aleksandrovych, Veronika; Gil, Krzysztof

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-73119-9_11

Cited by 13 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 68 publications

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“…Although currently anomalies in TCs/CD34 + stromal cells have been detected in a number of human pathological tissues, much work has yet to be done to clarify their functional implications [14,23,[25][26][27][28][29][30][31][44][45][46][47][48][49][50][51][52][53][54][55]. For instance, preclinical animal models reproducing tissue alterations of TCs/CD34 + stromal cells, much like those found in human diseases, may clearly represent an invaluable tool for elucidating the effective contribution of these cells to disease pathogenesis and/or pathophysiology, which could often only be supposed [25].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Scleroderma-like Impairment in the Network of Telocytes/CD34+ Stromal Cells in the Experimental Mouse Model of Bleomycin-Induced Dermal Fibrosis

Rosa

Romano

Fioretto

et al. 2021

IJMS

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Considerable evidence accumulated over the past decade supports that telocytes (TCs)/CD34+ stromal cells represent an exclusive type of interstitial cells identifiable by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) or immunohistochemistry in various organs of the human body, including the skin. By means of their characteristic cellular extensions (telopodes), dermal TCs are arranged in networks intermingled with a multitude of neighboring cells and, hence, they are thought to contribute to skin homeostasis through both intercellular contacts and releasing extracellular vesicles. In this context, fibrotic skin lesions from patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc, scleroderma) appear to be characterized by a disruption of the dermal network of TCs, which has been ascribed to either cell degenerative processes or possible transformation into profibrotic myofibroblasts. In the present study, we utilized the well-established mouse model of bleomycin-induced scleroderma to gain further insights into the TC alterations found in cutaneous fibrosis. CD34 immunofluorescence revealed a severe impairment in the dermal network of TCs/CD34+ stromal cells in bleomycin-treated mice. CD31/CD34 double immunofluorescence confirmed that CD31−/CD34+ TC counts were greatly reduced in the skin of bleomycin-treated mice compared with control mice. Ultrastructural signs of TC injury were detected in the skin of bleomycin-treated mice by TEM. The analyses of skin samples from mice treated with bleomycin for different times by either TEM or double immunostaining and immunoblotting for the CD34/α-SMA antigens collectively suggested that, although a few TCs may transition to α-SMA+ myofibroblasts in the early disease stage, most of these cells rather undergo degeneration, and then are lost. Taken together, our data demonstrate that TC changes in the skin of bleomycin-treated mice mimic very closely those observed in human SSc skin, which makes this experimental model a suitable tool to (i) unravel the pathological mechanisms underlying TC damage and (ii) clarify the possible contribution of the TC loss to the development/progression of dermal fibrosis. In perspective, these findings may have important implications in the field of skin regenerative medicine.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Scleroderma-like Impairment in the Network of Telocytes/CD34+ Stromal Cells in the Experimental Mouse Model of Bleomycin-Induced Dermal Fibrosis

Rosa

Romano

Fioretto

et al. 2021

IJMS

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“…TCs are able to establish homo-and heterocellular junctions and, very interestingly, TCs have the ability to generate and deliver extracellular vesicles (EVs) including exosomes as cargo for different messenger molecules [exosomes contain messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA), which can be shuttled from one cell to another] so that TCs are strongly involved in cell signaling both in normal conditions, as well as during complex process of carcinogenesis, including malignant cells invasivity [2,26,31,[34][35][36][37].…”

Section: The Remarkable Feature Of Tcs Is the Variety Of Their Cell-c...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It seems that such cell-contacts contribute to cell signaling by the intercellular exchange of ions or molecules [ 2 , 33 , 32 , 33 ]. TCs are able to establish homo- and heterocellular junctions and, very interestingly, TCs have the ability to generate and deliver extracellular vesicles (EVs) including exosomes as cargo for different messenger molecules [exosomes contain messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA), which can be shuttled from one cell to another] so that TCs are strongly involved in cell signaling both in normal conditions, as well as during complex process of carcinogenesis, including malignant cells invasivity [ 2 , 26 , 31 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 ]. TCs form networks, interact with other cell types directly by heterocellular junctions or by deliverance of EVs, and behave as nurse cells for stem cell niches [ 8 , 38 , 39 , 40 ].…”

Section: Tcs Have a Particular Infrastructural Phenotype And Express ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Telocytes inside of the peripheral nervous system – a 3D endoneurial network and putative role in cell communication

Mirancea

Mirancea²,

Moroşanu³

2022

Rom J Morphol Embryol

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In this paper, we developed the hypothesis concerning the reasons to assimilate endoneurial fibroblast-like dendritic phenotype [shortly termed endoneurial dendritic cells (EDCs)] to the endoneurial telocytes (TCs). We reviewed the literature concerning EDCs status and report our observations on ultrastructure and some immune electron microscopic aspects of the cutaneous peripheral nerves. Our data demonstrate that EDCs long time considered as fibroblasts or fibroblast-like, with an ovoidal nucleus and one or more moniliform cell extensions [telopodes (Tps)], which perform homocellular junctions, also able to shed extracellular microvesicles can be assimilated to TC phenotype. Sometimes, small profiles of basement membrane accompany to some extent Tps. Altogether data resulted from scientific literature and our results strength the conclusion EDCs are really TCs inside of the peripheral nervous system. The inner three-dimensional (3D) network of endoneurial TCs by their homo-and heterocellular communications appears as a genuine cell-to-cell communication system inside of each peripheral nerve.

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“…Previously, it was reported that they are more sensitive to local ischemia than other stromal cell types, such as fibroblasts, myofibroblasts, or mast cells [ 20 ]. Their role in the tumour microenvironment has been recently discussed [ 21 ]. Furthermore, oviductal telocytes might play a role in oviduct motility and contractility.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These cells might produce VEGF, whose receptors’ activation (upon the binding of VEGF) stimulates angiogenesis via the induction of tube formation in vascular endothelial cells [ 20 , 26 ]. Meanwhile, TCs in the uterus and heart may release signalling molecules (interleukin −2, −6, −10, and −13, VEGF, epidermal growth factor (EGF), macrophage inflammatory protein 1α, macrophage inflammatory protein-2, monocyte chemoattractant protein 1, and growth-related oncogene/keratinocyte-derived chemokines) [ 21 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oviductal Oxygen Homeostasis in Patients with Uterine Myoma: Correlation between Hypoxia and Telocytes

Wrona¹,

Aleksandrovych

Bereza

et al. 2022

IJMS

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Oxygen balance is crucial for angiogenesis, immunity, and tissue repair. The human oviduct is essential for reproductive function, and any imbalance in homeostasis leads to fertility disturbances and might be a reason for ectopic pregnancy development. Uterine myoma is a widespread benign tumour, which is often accompanied by infertility. Telocytes have been discussed in the contexts of motility, fibrosis development, and angiogenesis. We observed the oviducts from patients with and without uterine myoma, comparing the expression of HIF-1, HO, VEGF and its receptor, NOS, oestrogen, and progesterone receptors by immunolabeling. The myometrial and oviductal telocytes were also compared in both groups. Biochemical analyses were conducted for FSH, LH, AMH, sFlt, oestrogen, and progesterone in blood samples. Patients with uterine myoma have different expressions of sex steroid receptors and an increased number of telocytes. The decreasing VEFG expression was compensated by the rise in the HIF-1 and NOS expression. Blood biochemical analyses revealed a higher progesterone level and lower AMH in patients with uterine myoma. No differences in sFlt, FSH, and LF were observed. Uterine myoma impacts oviduct oxygen homeostasis and might cause fertility disturbances (uterine and oviductal infertility factors).

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Telocytes in the Tumor Microenvironment

Cited by 13 publications

References 68 publications

Scleroderma-like Impairment in the Network of Telocytes/CD34+ Stromal Cells in the Experimental Mouse Model of Bleomycin-Induced Dermal Fibrosis

Scleroderma-like Impairment in the Network of Telocytes/CD34+ Stromal Cells in the Experimental Mouse Model of Bleomycin-Induced Dermal Fibrosis

Telocytes inside of the peripheral nervous system – a 3D endoneurial network and putative role in cell communication

Oviductal Oxygen Homeostasis in Patients with Uterine Myoma: Correlation between Hypoxia and Telocytes

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