Scholars have theorized and examined women' s underrepresentation in science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) fi elds for well over thirty years (Clewell and Campbell, 2002). However, much of this research has paid little attention to issues of racial and ethnic diversity among women, suggesting that all women have the same experiences in STEM (Clewell and Ginorio, 1996;Hanson, 2004). Women of color were excluded from research designs, or when they were included their numbers were too small for any meaningful analysis (Clewell and Ginorio, 1996). Some researchers did not describe the racial and ethnic composition of their samples, even if only to note that all of the participants were white women, or simply chose not to examine racial and ethnic differences in the design of the study (Atwater, 2000). Ignoring race and ethnicity obscures important dimensions of women' s experiences in STEM and fosters the notion of a universal gender experience among women, without considering the differential experiences of women of color or the effects of racial privilege for white women (Atwater, 2000;Collins, 1999;Hanson, 2004). Women of color should not be further marginalized in a body of research that, in theory, is about transforming women' s underrepresentation in male-dominated academic disciplines and career fi elds.There are many calls for inclusion of women of color in STEM research and policy development in conferences and symposia (Malcom, Hall, and BrownTreating women as a homogeneous group obscures important racial and ethnic differences among women in STEM. This chapter focuses on the experiences of women of color in science and engineering and highlights the importance of addressing intersecting identities among women.
75NEW DIRECTIONS FOR INSTITUTIONAL RESEARCH, no. 152, Winter 2011