Television and Music Video Exposure and Risk of Adolescent  Alcohol Use

Robinson, Thomas N.; Chen, Helen L.; Killen, Joel D.

doi:10.1542/peds.102.5.e54

Cited by 163 publications

(140 citation statements)

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“…Further, social media have provided tobacco companies with new opportunities to promote their products 32 and generate favourable attitudes towards tobacco, including intention to smoke, in young non‐smokers 33. In the 1990s and early 2000s televised music videos included significant alcohol and tobacco content 34, 35, 36. However, music videos are now viewed predominantly via on‐line channels such as YouTube, and are another potentially important source of exposure.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adolescents’ exposure to tobacco and alcohol content in YouTube music videos

et al. 2015

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AimsTo quantify tobacco and alcohol content, including branding, in popular contemporary YouTube music videos; and measure adolescent exposure to such content.DesignTen‐second interval content analysis of alcohol, tobacco or electronic cigarette imagery in all UK Top 40 YouTube music videos during a 12‐week period in 2013/14; on‐line national survey of adolescent viewing of the 32 most popular high‐content videos.SettingGreat Britain.ParticipantsA total of 2068 adolescents aged 11–18 years who completed an on‐line survey.MeasurementsOccurrence of alcohol, tobacco and electronic cigarette use, implied use, paraphernalia or branding in music videos and proportions and estimated numbers of adolescents who had watched sampled videos.FindingsAlcohol imagery appeared in 45% [95% confidence interval (CI) = 33–51%] of all videos, tobacco in 22% (95% CI = 13–27%) and electronic cigarettes in 2% (95% CI = 0–4%). Alcohol branding appeared in 7% (95% CI = 2–11%) of videos, tobacco branding in 4% (95% CI = 0–7%) and electronic cigarettes in 1% (95% CI = 0–3%). The most frequently observed alcohol, tobacco and electronic cigarette brands were, respectively, Absolut Tune, Marlboro and E‐Lites. At least one of the 32 most popular music videos containing alcohol or tobacco content had been seen by 81% (95% CI = 79%, 83%) of adolescents surveyed, and of these 87% (95% CI = 85%, 89%) had re‐watched at least one video. The average number of videos seen was 7.1 (95% CI = 6.8, 7.4). Girls were more likely to watch and also re‐watch the videos than boys, P < 0.001.ConclusionsPopular YouTube music videos watched by a large number of British adolescents, particularly girls, include significant tobacco and alcohol content, including branding.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adolescents’ exposure to tobacco and alcohol content in YouTube music videos

et al. 2015

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“…Since the late 1970s much research has thus focused on studying the portrayal of alcohol in popular television entertainment programming, notably television drama serials (soaps) and series, while a significant but less prolific body of research has also emerged into the portrayal of alcohol and drinking in other genres and media, such as film (Cook & Lewington, 1979;Denzin, 1991;Roberts, Henriksen, & Christenson, 1999;Stern, 2005), radio (Pitt, Forrest, Hughes, & Bellis, 2003;Daykin, Irwin, Kimberlee, Orme, Plant, McCarron, et al, 2009), popular music lyrics (Cruz, 1988;Herd, 2005), popular fiction (Cellucci & Larsen, 1995;Greenman, 2000) and music videos (DuRant, Rome, Rich, Allred, Emans, & Woods, 1997;Robinson, Chen, & Killen, 1998;Van den Bulck & Beullens, 2005;Beullens & Van den Bulck, 2008). Given the rapid growth and popularity of the internet, mobile phones and related new media technologies in the last 10-15 years, it is perhaps surprising that only a small number of studies (e.g.…”

Section: Alcohol In Entertainmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Both types of surveys have yielded evidence of significant statistical relationships between selfreported exposure to alcohol advertising and intended future or reported current alcohol consumption (Atkin & Block, 1984a;Atkin, Neuendorf & McDermott, 1983;Robinson, Chen, & Killen, 1998;Connolly, Casswell, Zhang, & Silva, 1994;. Survey studies can be differentiated by the age group studied, with different investigations focusing variously on pre-teenage, teenage or early adulthood samples.…”

Section: Survey Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Smith and Foxcroft (2009) excluded experimental studies, one-off surveys, and time series studies and focused on surveys that constructed panels that were interviewed on two or more occasions and which evaluated a range of advertising formats and behavioral outcome measures. Following extensive screening of research literature, seven studies were selected for inclusion -Connolly, Casswell Zhang & Silva (1994), Robinson, Chen & Killen (1998) Three of these studies (Robinson et al, 1998;Ellicksen et al, 2005;Sargent et al, 2006) were identified as showing significant degrees of association between onset of alcohol consumption among adolescents who were non-drinkers at the start and level of exposure to alcohol advertising. In two cases (Stacy et al, 2004; Van den Bulck & Beullen, 2005), exposure to TV or music videos (and by proxy to advertising they carried) or to alcohol advertising were related to amount of alcohol consumption over time.…”

Section: Survey Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Alcohol, Advertising, Media, and Consumption among Children, Teenagers, and Young Adults

Hansen

Gunter

2013

Annals of the International Communication Association

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While much research on the roles of mediated communication in relation to alcohol consumption, drinking practices and alcohol-related issues has traditionally focused on alcohol advertising and related types of alcohol promotion, recent decades have witnessed a growing recognition that research attention needs to be given to the wider media and symbolic environment, through which norms and values associated with the use and abuse of alcohol are communicated. We start by reviewing the growing body of research which has examined the extent, distribution across media and genres, and the content of media messages about alcohol and drinking in advertising and entertainment media content. We then proceed to review the research evidence on

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“…A longitudinal study of more than 1500 California 9th-graders revealed that increased television and music video viewing was a risk factor for the onset of alcohol use among adolescents. 92 Results of a Columbia University study showed that teenagers who watch more than 3 R-rated films per month are 5 times more likely to drink alcohol compared with teenagers who watch none. 93 Also, in an intriguing study of 2-to 6-yearolds (n ϭ 120) who were asked to roleplay in a make-believe store, children were 5 times more likely to "buy" beer or wine if they had been allowed to see PG-13 or R-rated movies.…”

Section: Drugs In Entertainment Media Cigarettesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Children, Adolescents, Substance Abuse, and the Media

Strasburger¹

2010

Pediatrics

141

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The causes of adolescent substance use are multifactorial, but the media can play a key role. Tobacco and alcohol represent the 2 most significant drug threats to adolescents. More than $25 billion per year is spent on advertising for tobacco, alcohol, and prescription drugs, and such advertising has been shown to be effective. Digital media are increasingly being used to advertise drugs. In addition, exposure to PG-13-and R-rated movies at an early age may be a major factor in the onset of adolescent tobacco and alcohol use. The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends a ban on all tobacco advertising in all media, limitations on alcohol advertising, avoiding exposure of young children to substance-related (tobacco, alcohol, prescription drugs, illegal drugs) content on television and in PG-13-and R-rated movies, incorporating the topic of advertising and media into all substance abuseprevention programs, and implementing media education programs in the classroom. Pediatrics 2010;126:791-799 INTRODUCTIONAlthough parents, schools, and the federal government are trying to get children and teenagers to "just say no" to drugs, more than $25 billion worth of cigarette, alcohol, and prescription drug advertising is effectively working to get them to "just say yes" to smoking, drinking, and other drugs. 1,2 In addition, television programs and movies contain appreciable amounts of substance use. Unlike traditional advertising, media depictions of legal drugs are generally positive and invite no criticism, because they are not viewed as advertising. 3 The result is that young people receive mixed messages about substance use, and the media contribute significantly to the risk that young people will engage in substance use. ADOLESCENT DRUG USEAlthough illegal drugs take their toll on American society, 2 legal drugs-alcohol and tobacco-pose perhaps the greatest danger to children and teenagers. Both represent significant gateway drugs and are among the earliest drugs used by children or teenagers. A preadolescent or adolescent who smokes tobacco or drinks alcohol is 65 times more likely to use marijuana, for example, than someone who abstains. 4 The younger the age at which experimentation occurs, the greater the risk of serious health problems. 5 Every year, more than 400 000 Americans die from illnesses directly related to cigarette use-more than from AIDS, car crashes, murder, and suicide combined. 6 More than 100 000 deaths annually can be attributed to exces-THE COUNCIL ON COMMUNICATIONS AND MEDIA

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Television and Music Video Exposure and Risk of Adolescent Alcohol Use

Cited by 163 publications

References 27 publications

Adolescents’ exposure to tobacco and alcohol content in YouTube music videos

Adolescents’ exposure to tobacco and alcohol content in YouTube music videos

Alcohol, Advertising, Media, and Consumption among Children, Teenagers, and Young Adults

Children, Adolescents, Substance Abuse, and the Media

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