“…The results obtained are discussed by Kutser et al (1995). In this paper the data of remote sensing (on board a ship or boat), performed at 21 lakes in Estonia and Finland in 1993-96 and in some regions of the Baltic Sea are submitted.…”
In the years 1993, 1995 and 1996, passive optical remote sensing measurements taken on board ships or boats were carried out at 16 lakes in Estonia and five lakes in Finland, and also in some regions of the Baltic Sea. Simultaneously, the Secchi disk depth was measured and water samples were taken, from which chlorophyll a and suspended matter concentrations were determined in the laboratory. Using an Hitachi spectrophotometer, the attenuation coefficient spectra for filtered and unfiltered water were obtained, and the effective amount of yellow substance was estimated. The properties of the waters under consideration varied within rather wide limits, the Secchi disk depth changing from 0.4 to 8.5 m, chlorophyll concentration from 0.65 to 45 mgm-3 and the effective amount of yellow substance from 1.8 to 32mgL-'. Applying the correlation method for interpretation of the optical remote sensing data, we derived algorithms for estimating the water properties in the Estonian and Finnish lakes and in the Baltic Sea. The correlation coefficients between remote sensing and other water characteristics are in the limits Irl = 0.61-0.84. This shows that despite difficulties caused by a small thickness of the 'informative' water layer and shadowing of the influence of some substance on the remote sensing spectrum by other substances in turbid, multicomponent waters, the passive optical remote sensing method is applicable for estimating the water transparency and quality in lakes and inland seas. However, the method is not suitable for (i) determining the value of a very small amount of some substance in the water if the concentrations of other optically active substances are remarkably higher or for (ii) investigating the water-bodies with a large amount of yellow substance, where extremely strong absorption of light in the water leads to an 'abnormal' shape of the remote sensing reflectance spectra. Our results confirm also that remote sensing algorithms derived for the open ocean waters are in most cases not applicable for lakes and inland seas.
“…The results obtained are discussed by Kutser et al (1995). In this paper the data of remote sensing (on board a ship or boat), performed at 21 lakes in Estonia and Finland in 1993-96 and in some regions of the Baltic Sea are submitted.…”
In the years 1993, 1995 and 1996, passive optical remote sensing measurements taken on board ships or boats were carried out at 16 lakes in Estonia and five lakes in Finland, and also in some regions of the Baltic Sea. Simultaneously, the Secchi disk depth was measured and water samples were taken, from which chlorophyll a and suspended matter concentrations were determined in the laboratory. Using an Hitachi spectrophotometer, the attenuation coefficient spectra for filtered and unfiltered water were obtained, and the effective amount of yellow substance was estimated. The properties of the waters under consideration varied within rather wide limits, the Secchi disk depth changing from 0.4 to 8.5 m, chlorophyll concentration from 0.65 to 45 mgm-3 and the effective amount of yellow substance from 1.8 to 32mgL-'. Applying the correlation method for interpretation of the optical remote sensing data, we derived algorithms for estimating the water properties in the Estonian and Finnish lakes and in the Baltic Sea. The correlation coefficients between remote sensing and other water characteristics are in the limits Irl = 0.61-0.84. This shows that despite difficulties caused by a small thickness of the 'informative' water layer and shadowing of the influence of some substance on the remote sensing spectrum by other substances in turbid, multicomponent waters, the passive optical remote sensing method is applicable for estimating the water transparency and quality in lakes and inland seas. However, the method is not suitable for (i) determining the value of a very small amount of some substance in the water if the concentrations of other optically active substances are remarkably higher or for (ii) investigating the water-bodies with a large amount of yellow substance, where extremely strong absorption of light in the water leads to an 'abnormal' shape of the remote sensing reflectance spectra. Our results confirm also that remote sensing algorithms derived for the open ocean waters are in most cases not applicable for lakes and inland seas.
“…It is therefore important to monitor the environmental state of lakes in order to take necessary action in case the ecological status of the water is not good enough. Field measurements of lake water quality at a statewide level are hindered due to many reasons, including economical cost, as well as being logistically prohibitive in many areas (Bü ttner et al, 1987;Kutser et al, 1995;Hoogenboom et al, 2002;Kabbara et al, 2008;Yü zü gü llü and Aksoy, 2011;Giardino et al, 2015). Satellite remote sensing is therefore the most viable solution to acquire the near real time data at a larger scale, as well as for the inaccessible areas (Sawaya et al, 2003;Dall'Olmo et al, 2005;Matthews et al, 2010;Lyons et al, 2011;Stratoulias et al, 2015).…”
“…Therefore, when selecting the water quality parameters for the establishment of pollutant load reduction goals and the development of total maximum daily loads, it is necessary to consider the seasonal variation of the parameters on lake water quality. If it is desired to explore how water quality influences water ecology, then chlorophyll-a and transparency are suitable parameters for representing the water ecology (Kutser et al 1995). Therefore, the Pearson correlation coefficient is used to explore the relationship of the CWQII with the chlorophyll-a and transparency (Table 5) (Sedgwick 2012).…”
Section: Monthly Change Trends Of Water Qualitymentioning
Composite Water Quality Identification Index (CWQII) and multivariate statistical techniques were used to investigate the temporal and spatial variations of water quality in Honghu Lake. The aims are to explore the characteristics of water quality trends in annual, monthly, and site spatial distribution and to identify the main pollution factors The monthly change rules of water quality were influenced by a superposition of natural processes and human activities. In samples numbered 1-9 from upstream to downstream, the maximum values of CWQII often occurred in sample site 9 while the minimum ones often occurred in sample site 2, indicating that the water quality near the upstream tributary was the poorest and that in the core zone was the best. Incoming water from the trunk canal of the Sihu area upstream was the largest pollution source. The sensitive pollution nutrients were mainly caused by the total nitrogen, followed by the total phosphorus.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.