“…Participants receiving an adherence Impact of adherence 795 Ducharme et al (2011) .24 -.14 to .62 Garbutt et al (2010) .09 -.13 to .31 Kato (2008) .25 -.20 to .69 Katz (2014) .13 -.26 to .52 Lawson (2005) 1 promotion intervention required fewer ED visits (SMD = À0.28, 95% CI [À0.44, À0.12], Z = À3.38, P = 0.001) and hospitalizations (SMD = À0.38, 95% CI [À0.62, À0.14], Z = À3.10, P = 0.002) post-treatment than participants in control conditions. The effect of adherence promotion interventions on outpatient visits was À0.27 (95% CI [À0.54, 0.01], Z = À1.89, P = 0.06).…”