Telemetry, Tracking, and Command (TT&amp;C)

Guest, Arthur N.

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-23386-4_69

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…The first component of TT&C, telemetry, is responsible for providing the ground system with satellite diagnostics, such as voltage, fuel tank pressure, RW speed, or environmental information. 99 The tracking subsystem, as part of the ground station, locates the satellite and provides elevation and azimuth angle information. 99 For the command subsystem, the attitude and diagnostic information is received and processed, and commands can be issued to the satellite through the uplink from the ground station.…”

Section: Ncs For Spacecraftmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…99 The tracking subsystem, as part of the ground station, locates the satellite and provides elevation and azimuth angle information. 99 For the command subsystem, the attitude and diagnostic information is received and processed, and commands can be issued to the satellite through the uplink from the ground station. 99 The commands issued are not real-time control signals for the actuator to achieve an attitude, but rather the reference signal (i.e., desired attitude), and other commands such as battery reconditioning, thruster firing, or heater switching.…”

Section: Ncs For Spacecraftmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Networked control systems and their applications to smart satellites: a survey

McCafferty-Leroux,

Wu,

Gadsden

2024

Sensors and Systems for Space Applications XVII

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The advancement of Earth observation satellite research in past decades has demonstrated itself to be productive and increasingly important. Utilized for applications such as climate monitoring, communication, GPS, defense, and space research, our dependence on reliable satellite systems is ever-increasing. The success of satellites in these scenarios is fundamentally the result of its attitude determination system, consisting of control and estimation subsystems, which govern its sensors and actuators. For simple missions, attitude pose determination can be computed onboard the satellite. Typically, however, ground stations or other satellites (i.e. constellations) are involved in a satellite's operation, processing large amounts of data or complex control algorithms. This information and control cycle is enabled through the application of Networked Control Systems (NCS). The NCS uses a wireless network or communication system as the intermediate line of communication between plant, actuators, sensors, and other systems. This enables relatively fast communication and data transmittance over long distances, as well as the decentralization of navigation and control through system distribution. However, this method is vulnerable to various forms of time delay and packet loss, which ultimately affects the control performance of a satellite. It is demonstrated in literature that the effects of these NCS properties can be mitigated, increasing its viability, through various implementations of smart systems into the satellite framework. Using techniques such as neural networks and reinforcement learning, the satellite can perceive and act based on environmental information, while considering experiential memory and attention allocation. The following comprehensive survey discusses methods for improving the robustness of networked satellite systems from a smart systems perspective, providing an advanced foundation for these concepts.

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Section: Ncs For Spacecraftmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Ncs For Spacecraftmentioning

confidence: 99%

Networked control systems and their applications to smart satellites: a survey

McCafferty-Leroux,

Wu,

Gadsden

2024

Sensors and Systems for Space Applications XVII

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“…Definition 2. In TT&C (Guest, 2017), (i) telemetry is the collection of on-board measurements and instrument readings required to deduce the health and status of all subsystems of a satellite (e.g., propellant supply) and the transmission of this data to the command segment on the ground; (ii) tracking or more precisely, carrier tracking, refers to the process of locating and locking onto a satellite from a ground station; (iii) command/control refers to the execution of action sequence (e.g., toggling a relay) on the satellite and its payloads to meet mission objectives.…”

Section: Ground Station As a Service (Gsaas)mentioning

confidence: 99%

SIEM4GS: Security Information and Event Management for a Virtual Ground Station Testbed

Law

Slay

2022

eccws

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As the space sector continues to grow, so do the cybersecurity risks. As large as the attack surface of a space system is, the ground segment remains an attractive source of intrusion points, not only because of its relative accessibility but also because the ground system is often viewed as little more than a conventional IT system. Thus, a representative security assessment of a space system cannot avoid addressing the vulnerabilities of the associated ground system and the relevant threats. This motivates the construction of a virtual ground station testbed, as part of larger reference platform, to support our ongoing research on the cybersecurity of space systems. Presented here is a discussion of the preliminary work being undertaken at the University of South Australia node of the SmartSat Cooperative Research Centre on such a testbed. A distinguishing feature of the testbed is the integration of a security information and event management (SIEM) system justifying the name of the testbed, “SIEM4GS”. Based on the latest literature on ground stations, a logical architecture and an implementation plan involving only open-source software building blocks for SIEM4GS are proposed. Features of the ground station and SIEM services are discussed. A plan is provided on how to extend the SIEM system from a primarily “detect” role in the NIST Cybersecurity Framework to a “detect and respond” role.

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“…Currently, spacecraft navigate beyond the Earth based on radio instructions from the terrestrial tracking and commanding (TT&C) system [105] on the Earth. The TT&C system acts as the primary means of spacecraft tracking, ranging, monitoring, control, and data transmission using large-diameter antennas (i.e., DSN), small antenna arrays [106], or low noise temperature receiver and weak signal demodulation technologies [107], to establish RF links with deep space planetary spacecraft.…”

Section: B Solar System Positioning System (Ssps)mentioning

confidence: 99%

A Roadmap Toward a Unified Space Communication Architecture

2021

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In recent years, the number of space exploration missions has multiplied. Such an increase raises the question of effective communication between the multitude of human-made objects spread across our solar system. An efficient and scalable communication architecture presents multiple challenges, including the distance between planetary entities, their motion and potential obstruction, the limited available payload on satellites, and the high mission cost. This paper brings together recent relevant specifications, standards, mission demonstrations, and the most recent proposals to develop a unified architecture for deep-space internetworked communication. After characterizing the transmission medium and its unique challenges, we explore the available communication technologies and frameworks to establish a reliable communication architecture across the solar system. We then draw an evolutive roadmap for establishing a scalable communication architecture. This roadmap builds upon the mission-centric communication architectures in the upcoming years towards a fully interconnected network or InterPlanetary Internet (IPN). We finally discuss the tools available to develop such an architecture in the short, medium, and long terms. The resulting architecture cross-supports space agencies on the solar system-scale while significantly decreasing space communication costs. Through this analysis, we derive the critical research questions remaining for creating the IPN regarding the considerable challenges of space communication.

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Telemetry, Tracking, and Command (TT&C)

Cited by 4 publications

References 4 publications

Networked control systems and their applications to smart satellites: a survey

Networked control systems and their applications to smart satellites: a survey

SIEM4GS: Security Information and Event Management for a Virtual Ground Station Testbed

A Roadmap Toward a Unified Space Communication Architecture

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