Telemetered EMG of fast and slow muscles in cats

Betts, Bill; Smith, Judith Lee; Edgerton, Reggie; Collatos, T. C.

doi:10.1016/0006-8993(76)90762-9

Cited by 31 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Electromyographic data were collected with acute percutaneous (first 6 averages from subject D) and chronically implanted pairs of Teflon-coated stainless steel wires. Wire pairs were separated by approximately 5 mm and inserted into the muscle by a hypodermic needle (Betts et al 1976;Park et al 2000). For the chronic implants, the wires were led subcutaneously to a 17-pin plug (WPI #223-1617) mounted in the dental acrylic of the cranial implant.…”

Section: Emg Implantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Motor Outputs From the Primate Reticular Formation to Shoulder Muscles as Revealed by Stimulus-Triggered Averaging

Davidson

Buford²

2004

Journal of Neurophysiology

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The motor output of the medial pontomedullary reticular formation (mPMRF) was investigated using stimulus-triggered averaging (StimulusTA) of EMG responses from proximal arm and shoulder muscles in awake, behaving monkeys (M. fascicularis). Muscles studied on the side ipsilateral (i) to stimulation were biceps (iBic), triceps (iTri), anterior deltoid (iADlt), posterior deltoid (iPDlt), and latissimus dorsi (iLat). The upper and middle trapezius were studied on the ipsilateral and contralateral (c) side (iUTr, cUTr, iMTr, cMTr). Of 133 sites tested, 97 (73%) produced a poststimulus effect (PStE) in one or more muscles; on average, 38% of the sampled muscles responded per effective site. For responses that were observed in the arm and shoulder, poststimulus facilitation (PStF) was prevalent for the flexors, iBic (8 responses, 100% PStF) and iADlt (13 responses, 77% PStF), and poststimulus suppression (PStS) was prevalent for the extensors, iTri (22 responses, 96% PStS) and iLat (16 responses, 81% PStS). For trapezius muscles, PStS of upper trapezius (iUTr, 49 responses, 73% PStS) and PStF of middle trapezius (iMTr, 22 responses, 64% PStF) were prevalent ipsilaterally, and PStS of middle trapezius (cMTr, 6 responses, 67% PStS) and PStF of upper trapezius (cUTr, 46 responses, 83% PStS) were prevalent contralaterally. Onset latencies were significantly earlier for PStF (7.0 +/- 2.2 ms) than for PStS (8.6 +/- 2.0 ms). At several sites, extremely strong PStF was evoked in iUTr, even though PStS was most common for this muscle. The anatomical antagonists iBic/iTri were affected reciprocally when both responded. The bilateral muscle pair iUTr/cUTr demonstrated various combinations of effects, but cUTr PStF with iUTr PStS was prevalent. Overall, the results are consistent with data from the cat and show that outputs from the mPMRF can facilitate or suppress activity in muscles involved in reaching; responses that would contribute to flexion of the ipsilateral arm were prevalent.

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Section: Emg Implantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Motor Outputs From the Primate Reticular Formation to Shoulder Muscles as Revealed by Stimulus-Triggered Averaging

Davidson

Buford²

2004

Journal of Neurophysiology

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“…Biarticular muscles generate moments at both joints the muscles cross and are used to transport mechanical energy during locomotion [19–21]. A number of studies have been conducted on the muscle activities in the elbows of cats during various forms of locomotion [10, 22, 23], and it has been suggested that the long head of the triceps and biceps, both biarticular muscles, play a major role during landing. The biceps is a fusiform muscle in the front of the humerus and the long head of the triceps, triangular in shape, connects the scapula to the olecranon.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contributions of Limb Joints to Energy Absorption during Landing in Cats

Pei

et al. 2019

Applied Bionics and Biomechanics

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There is a high risk of serious injury to the lower limbs in a human drop landing. However, cats are able to jump from the same heights without any sign of injury, which is attributed to the excellent performance of their limbs in attenuating the impact forces. The bionic study of the falling cat landing may therefore contribute to improve the landing-shock absorbing ability of lower limbs in humans. However, the contributions of cat limb joints to energy absorption remain unknown. Accordingly, a motion capture system and plantar pressure measurement platform were used to measure the joint angles and vertical ground reaction forces of jumping cats, respectively. Based on the inverse dynamics, the joint angular velocities, moments, powers, and work from different landing heights were calculated to expound the synergistic mechanism and the dominant muscle groups of cat limb joints. The results show that the buffering durations of the forelimbs exhibit no significant difference with increasing height while the hindlimbs play a greater role than the forelimbs in absorbing energy when jumping from a higher platform. Furthermore, the joint angles and angular velocities exhibit similar variations, indicating that a generalized motor program can be adopted to activate limb joints for different landing heights. Additionally, the elbow and hip are recognized as major contributors to energy absorption during landing. This experimental study can accordingly provide biological inspiration for new approaches to prevent human lower limb injuries.

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