Teichoic acids from chemostat-grown cultures of Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus plantarum

Wicken, A. J.; Evans, J D; Campbell, L K; Knox, K. W.

doi:10.1128/iai.38.1.1-7.1982

Cited by 10 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…amounts of glycerol teichoic acid (34). Only the serotype c Mice immunized with two doses of purified antigens I/II strain induced antibodies to cPS, but at modest levels, even and III showed serum antibody responses specific for the after repeated immunization (Table 3).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Detection and specificity of antibodies secreted by spleen cells in mice immunized with Streptococcus mutans

Russell¹,

Czerkinsky²,

Moldoveanu³

1986

Infect Immun

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Immune responses of mice to Streptococcus mutans serotype c were analyzed by means of the enzyme-linked immunospot assay to determine the predominant specificities of the antibodies developed. In general, the numbers of splenic antibody-secreting cells correlated with serum antibody levels. A low dose (10(8) CFU) of killed whole cells injected twice intraperitoneally induced antibodies mainly against surface protein antigen I/II. A higher dose (10(9) CFU) given two to six times also resulted in a predominance of antigen I/II antibody-secreting cells and, in addition, antibody responses to surface protein antigen III and lipoteichoic acid occurred. Cells producing antibodies to serotype c polysaccharide were elicited only on repeated immunization. These results agreed with the development of antibodies in rabbits repeatedly immunized intravenously with killed whole cells of S. mutans, S. rattus, and S. sobrinus, which induced specific antibodies in accordance with the surface antigens that they express. Mice immunized twice with the same dose of purified antigens I/II and III developed greater numbers of antigen I/II splenic antibody-forming cells than antigen III splenic antibody-forming cells and higher serum antibody levels to antigen I/II than to antigen III. Furthermore, a single injection of antigen I/II but not of antigen III was sufficient to induce a strong specific-antibody response. Some evidence was also obtained for weak polyclonal stimulation of spleen cells by S. mutans cells and by antigen I/II, a result which could be relevant to the induction by S. mutans of antibodies reactive with mammalian tissues. It was concluded that for the antigens examined, S. mutans elicited the strongest antibody response against antigen I/II, which was also highly immunogenic in purified form.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…The serum antibody responses obtained reflected these differences. In addition, antibodies to LTA were induced, especially by immunization with strain BHT, which contains cell wall glycerol teichoic acid (34). Low levels of antibody to cPS were induced only by the serotype c strain.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection and specificity of antibodies secreted by spleen cells in mice immunized with Streptococcus mutans

Russell¹,

Czerkinsky²,

Moldoveanu³

1986

Infect Immun

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“…Lipoteichoic acids (LTAs) are found in a wide variety of gram-positive bacteria (2,17,18,24,31,32,34) and may also be found extracellularly (1,13,15,16,20). The common, basic structure consists of a poly(glycerol phosphate) chain covalently linked to a lipid moiety, usually a glycolipid or phosphatidylglycolipid (2,12,24,27,33,34,36).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Increased carbohydrate substitution of lipoteichoic acid during inhibition of protein synthesis

Kessler¹,

Wicken²,

Shockman³

1983

J Bacteriol

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Decreases in electrophoretic mobilities of intracellular lipoteichoic acid, intracellular deacylated lipoteichoic acid, and extracellular deacylated lipoteichoic acid were observed during inhibition of protein synthesis in Streptococcus faecium after exposure to chloramphenicol or valine deprivation. Increased carbohydrate content, and thus an increased mass-to-charge ratio, rather than changes in ester alanine content or novel fatty acid substitutions, appeared to account for the decreased electrophoretic mobilities. The increase in carbohydrate content, as judged from mobility measurements, was progressive over time and appeared to occur on.,biosynthetically new lipoteichoic acid as well as on lipoteichoic acid made before inhibition of protein synthesis.

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“…158,159 D-Ala or D-glucose was detected in a strain dependent manner on the ribitol phosphate and /or glycerol phosphate. 158,[160][161][162] After hydrolysis, the analysis revealed fragments of the structure that implied the presence of a polymer consisting of a long poly(ribitolphosphate) chain containing α-D-glucose residues on the 2 and 3 positions of the chain.…”

Section: Wall Teichoic Acidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Purification, Characterisation and Synthesis of Glycerolipids Extracted from L. plantarum and B. longum subsp. infantis

Sauvageau¹

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<p>Glycolipids from the cell wall of Gram-positive bacteria have been the topic of my PhD. It is well known that many bacterial glycolipids (e.g. LPS, TDMs and PIMs) have profound immunological effects, and therefore the characterisation, biological testing and synthesis of gram-positive bacterial glycolipids is of interest. The first part of this thesis includes a description of the extraction and characterisation of glycolipids from gut bacteria including Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus genus and the second part focussed on the chemical synthesis of Streptococcus sp. DSM 8747 glycolipids and lipoteichoic acid analogues (LTA). Members of the genus Lactobacillus are common in the gut microbiota and are often used as probiotics. As lactobacilli are known to have benefits to human health, compounds on its surface are of high interest. To date, the structures of the glycolipids from L. plantarum have not been conclusively assigned. Thus, for the first time, the full characterisation of the four principal glycolipids of the L. plantarum cell wall was reported using sugar, linkage and FAME analysis, as well as ESI-MS/MS and 1D- and 2D-NMR spectroscopy. The major glycolipids were identified as: α-D-Glcp-diglyceride, α-D-Galp-(1→2)-α-D-Glcp-diglyceride, β-D-Glcp-(1→6)-α-D-Galp-(1→2)-6-O-acyl-α-D-Glcp-diglyceride and β-D-Glcp-(1→6)-α-D-Galp-(1→2)-α-D-Glcp-diglyceride. These glycolipids showed weak activation of murine bone marrow macrophages in an initial biological screen. After having identified the structures of the glycolipids from L. plantarum, the glycolipids from Bifidobacterium, a dominant member of the gut microbiota in infants, were extracted. Bifidobacteria are considered to be important in the development of a healthy immune system and they are believed to exhibit anticancerous properties, alleviate the symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome, and are thought to reduce atopic disease. Despite this, the chemical nature of immunomodulatory compounds on the surface of bifidobacteria has not been well documented. Thus, glycolipids were extracted from B. longum subsp. infantis, fractionated chromatographically and analyzed using NMR spectroscopy, constituent sugar and linkage analysis, and fatty acid analysis. These analyzes revealed a novel glycolipid, containing an unprecedented mixed acetal moiety and a galactofuranose moiety as a head group. However, like L. plantarum glycolipids, bifidobacterial glycolipids were shown only to induce little macrophage activity when tested. Having successfully characterised a novel glycolipid present in bifidobacteria, analogues of this glycolipid as well as poly(glycerophosphate) lipotechoic acids analogues (LTAs) were then synthesised. Much debate still remains about the role of LTAs during Gram-positive bacterial infection. This is partly due to differences in the biological activities of extracted versus synthesised LTAs and highlights the need for structurally defined non-contaminated LTAs when investigating the effect of these glycolipids on the innate immune response. An efficient synthesis of the core lipoteichoic acid (LTA) anchor of the Streptococcus species DSM 8747, and derivatives thereof, was achieved. These Streptococcus glycolipids contain a galactofuranose moiety and thus have similarities to the novel glycolipid that was found in bifidobacteria. The syntheses, which commence with readily available D-galactose, are short (7-9 steps), convergent, and high-yielding (33-37% overall yield). In total 11 different targets were synthesised. The biological activity of these compounds was also investigated, with several analogues (particularly the sn-1,2-di-acylglycerol LTA anchors) found to induce macrophage activation.</p>

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Teichoic acids from chemostat-grown cultures of Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus plantarum

Cited by 10 publications

References 33 publications

Detection and specificity of antibodies secreted by spleen cells in mice immunized with Streptococcus mutans

Detection and specificity of antibodies secreted by spleen cells in mice immunized with Streptococcus mutans

Increased carbohydrate substitution of lipoteichoic acid during inhibition of protein synthesis

Purification, Characterisation and Synthesis of Glycerolipids Extracted from L. plantarum and B. longum subsp. infantis

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