Teichoic acid is the major polysaccharide present in theListeria monocytogenesbiofilm matrix

Abstract

The aim of this study was to characterize the Listeria monocytogenes biofilm and particularly the nature of the carbohydrates in the biofilm extracellular matrix and culture supernatant versus to cell wall carbohydrates. Listeria monocytogenes serotype 1/2a and 4b strains were able to form complex biofilms embedded in an extracellular matrix. The soluble carbohydrates from biofilm extracellular matrix and culture supernatant were identified as teichoic acids, structurally identical to cell wall teichoic acids. In addition, the DSS 1130 BFA2 strain had a serotype 1/2a teichoic acid lacking N-acetyl glucosamine glycosylation due to a mutation in the lmo2550 gene. Consequently, we hypothesized that the extracellular teichoic acids in L. monocytogenes biofilms have the same origin as cell wall teichoic acid.

Genomic Differences between Listeria monocytogenes EGDe Isolates Reveal Crucial Roles for SigB and Wall Rhamnosylation in Biofilm Formation

“…Our findings are consistent with data derived from a global transposon screen of L. monocytogenes isolate 568 which identified lmo1080 (rmlT) as needed for biofilm formation at low temperature (34). In addition, they are in line with experiments that uncovered wall teichoic acids as a major polysaccharide present in the L. monocytogenes biofilm matrix (35). However, exactly how the L-rhamnose decorated wall teichoic acid aids cell surface interaction remains unknown.…”

A Look inside the Listeria monocytogenes Biofilms Extracellular Matrix

“…The importance of TAs within the L. monocytogenes biofilm matrix was confirmed by Brauge et al [ 60 ]. GC-MS (Thermo Scientific, Waltham, Massachusetts, MA, USA) and 13 C- and 1 H-NMR spectroscopy (Bruker, Billerica, Massachusetts, MA, USA) analyses of soluble carbohydrates extracted from a 48-h biofilm extracellular matrix and culture supernatant of six strains of L. monocytogenes led to the identification of TAs.…”

“…Staining with ruthenium red [ 35 , 54 ] and Congo red [ 55 , 56 ], fluorescein-conjugated lectin binding [ 57 ], fluorescent dye-conjugated antibody binding [ 58 ], phenolic sulfuric acid analysis [ 59 ], and fibril or matrix analysis via scanning electron microscope (SEM) [ 35 , 54 , 57 , 59 ] have been performed. Extracellular matrix composition has been examined mainly by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR, Bruker, Billerica, Massachusetts, MA, USA) [ 60 , 61 ], gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS, Thermo Scientific, Waltham, Massachusetts, MA, USA) [ 60 ], and CLSM [ 51 , 62 ] analyses. Here, we report the current knowledge about Listeria biofilm extracellular matrix, as summarized in Table 1 .…”

Removal of Listeria monocytogenes dual-species biofilms using combined enzyme-benzalkonium chloride treatments

“…In S. aureus it has been recently reported that active proteases remove biofilms formed in polystyrene plates (Stiefel et al 2016). However, PRN effects against L. monocytogenes were lower than expected compared with DNaseI considering the proteinaceous nature of L. monocytogenes biofilm matrix (Combrouse et al 2013;Nguyen & Burrows 2014) even though it has been demonstrated that teichoic acids are also present (Brauge et al 2016). …”