Teenagers, behavioral problems, and preferences for heavy metal and rap music: A case study of a southern middle school

Epstein, Jonathon S.; Pratto, David J.; Skipper, James K.

doi:10.1080/01639625.1990.9967860

Cited by 52 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Adolescents at risk and with a feeling of alienation because of previous failures or problems tend to prefer these types of music, which might reflect their pessimistic view of life and the world. 2,9,14,17,19,37,71 Correlational studies, however, have inherent limitations and cannot identify cause-and-effect relationships, but the associations reflect the status of the current research.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[14][15][16][17] Adolescents' choice of music and their reactions to and interpretations of it vary with age, culture, and ethnicity. 2,13,14,[18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25] Research has shown that there also is a difference in these variables between the genders. 25 Female adolescents are more likely than male adolescents to use music to reflect their emotional state, in particular when feeling lonely or "down."…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Impact of Music, Music Lyrics, and Music Videos on Children and Youth

Fuld¹,

Mulligan²,

Altmann³

et al. 2009

Pediatrics

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Music plays an important role in the socialization of children and adolescents. Popular music is present almost everywhere, and it is easily available through the radio, various recordings, the Internet, and new technologies, allowing adolescents to hear it in diverse settings and situations, alone or shared with friends. Parents often are unaware of the lyrics to which their children are listening because of the increasing use of downloaded music and headphones. Research on popular music has explored its effects on schoolwork, social interactions, mood and affect, and particularly behavior. The effect that popular music has on children's and adolescents' behavior and emotions is of paramount concern. Lyrics have become more explicit in their references to drugs, sex, and violence over the years, particularly in certain genres. A teenager's preference for certain types of music could be correlated or associated with certain behaviors. As with popular music, the perception and the effect of music-video messages are important, because research has reported that exposure to violence, sexual messages, sexual stereotypes, and use of substances of abuse in music videos might produce significant changes in behaviors and attitudes of young viewers. Pediatricians and parents should be aware of this information. Furthermore, with the evidence portrayed in these studies, it is essential for pediatricians and parents to take a stand regarding music lyrics.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Music, Music Lyrics, and Music Videos on Children and Youth

Fuld¹,

Mulligan²,

Altmann³

et al. 2009

Pediatrics

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show abstract

“…In our study, participants who scored higher on aggression-hostility might have mobilized their cognitive strategy to process the illusion, and reported hearing words that expressed anger and psychopathy. Similarly, people exhibit more emotional problems and more anger when they listen to heavy music [47,48] .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Personality correlates of reporting Chinese words from the Deutsch “high-low” word illusion by Chinese-speaking people

Zhu

Chen

et al. 2012

Neurosci. Bull.

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Objective When English-speaking people listen to the Deutsch "high-low" word illusion, they report hearing English words. Whether Chinese-speaking people report Chinese words when listening to the illusion, or whether any reported words might be correlated with personality traits as previous investigations have demonstrated for listening to music in other cultures, is open to question. The present study aimed to address this. Methods A total of 308 right-handed, healthy volunteers (177 women and 131 men) were given the illusion test and asked to answer the Zuckerman-Kuhlman personality questionnaire (ZKPQ). Their depressive tendency was measured by the Plutchik-van Praag depression inventory (PVP). Results There was no gender effect regarding either the PVP score or the number of reported Chinese words from the illusion. Women scored higher on ZKPQ neuroticism-anxiety than men. The number of meaningful Chinese words reported was correlated with the ZKPQ impulsive sensation-seeking, aggression-hostility, and activity scores. Some words reported by participants who scored higher on these three traits were related in meaning to those scales. ConclusionOur preliminary results suggest that when Chinese-speaking people listen to the Deutsch "high-low" word illusion, they might use personality-related, specific cognitive schemata.

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“…The media have suggested that heavy metal and rap lyrics promote Satanism, bigotry, sexism, violence, suicide, reckless behavior, drug use, deviant sexual activity, rape, and murder (Arnett, 1991;Epstein et al, 1990;Hansen & Hansen, 1991;Katz, 1993;Trzcinski, 1992;Verden et al, 1989;Wass et al, 1988). There has been little condemnation of other music genres, regardless of common antisocial themes and objectionable language (Binder, 1993;Christenson & Roberts, 1998;Singletary, 1983).…”

Section: Labeling and Media Influencementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Rap lyrics, which sometimes contain objectionable language, often expound on the problems of urban life (Simpson, 1990), sometimes including themes of sex, drug use, misogyny, or violence (Epstein, Pratto, & Skipper, 1990). Like heavy metal, rap lyrics often express themes of alienation and powerlessness among youth (Epstein et al).…”

Section: Music Genresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genre of Music and Lyrical Content: Expectation Effects

Ballard

Dodson

Bazzini

1999

The Journal of Genetic Psychology

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This study was designed to examine whether people's expectations differ regarding how music lyrics affect individual behavior as a function of music genre. Because legislative attention and media publicity have been biased against certain types of popular music (i.e., heavy metal and rap), the authors expected that those genres of music would be viewed more negatively than other genres of popular music, for which there has been little or no negative publicity (i.e., pop and country). Participants (N = 160 college students) rated their perceptions of how the lyrical content of a song would affect listeners' behavior. The authors presented prosocial or antisocial lyrical passages to students (N = 160) under the guise of four musical genres (heavy metal, rap, pop, and country). Participants rated the potential impact of the lyrics on listeners' behavior. Findings indicated that lyrics labeled as heavy metal or rap were perceived as less likely to inspire prosocial behavior but not more likely to inspire antisocial behavior than the same lyrics labeled as country or pop.

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Teenagers, behavioral problems, and preferences for heavy metal and rap music: A case study of a southern middle school

Cited by 52 publications

References 11 publications

Impact of Music, Music Lyrics, and Music Videos on Children and Youth

Impact of Music, Music Lyrics, and Music Videos on Children and Youth

Personality correlates of reporting Chinese words from the Deutsch “high-low” word illusion by Chinese-speaking people

Genre of Music and Lyrical Content: Expectation Effects

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