Teen‐aged mothers in contemporary Britain

Moffitt, Terrie E.

doi:10.1111/1469-7610.00082

Cited by 390 publications

(339 citation statements)

References 73 publications

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“…The E-risk sample was constructed in 1999 -2000, when 1,116 families with same-sex 5-year-old twins (93% of those eligible) participated in homevisit assessments, forming the base cohort for the longitudinal E-risk study. Details about the sample are reported elsewhere (50). Because each study family contains two children, all statistical analyses reported here were corrected conservatively for the nonindependence of the twin observations by using tests based on the sandwich or Huber/White variance estimator (51).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Moderation of breastfeeding effects on the IQ by genetic variation in fatty acid metabolism

Caspi

Williams

Kim‐Cohen

et al. 2007

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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327

254

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Children's intellectual development is influenced by both genetic inheritance and environmental experiences. Breastfeeding is one of the earliest such postnatal experiences. Breastfed children attain higher IQ scores than children not fed breast milk, presumably because of the fatty acids uniquely available in breast milk. Here we show that the association between breastfeeding and IQ is moderated by a genetic variant in FADS2, a gene involved in the genetic control of fatty acid pathways. We confirmed this geneenvironment interaction in two birth cohorts, and we ruled out alternative explanations of the finding involving gene-exposure correlation, intrauterine growth, social class, and maternal cognitive ability, as well as maternal genotype effects on breastfeeding and breast milk. The finding shows that environmental exposures can be used to uncover novel candidate genes in complex phenotypes. It also shows that genes may work via the environment to shape the IQ, helping to close the nature versus nurture debate.cognitive development ͉ gene environment interaction

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Moderation of breastfeeding effects on the IQ by genetic variation in fatty acid metabolism

Caspi

Williams

Kim‐Cohen

et al. 2007

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

Self Cite

327

254

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“…Age at first childbearing was used as the riskstratification variable because it was recorded for virtually all families in the register, it is relatively free of measurement error, and early childbearing is a known risk factor for children's problem behaviors. 26,27 The sampling strategy resulted in a final sample in which one-third of Study mothers (younger only; N = 314) constitute a 160% oversample of mothers who were at high risk based on their young age at first birth (15-20 years). The other two-thirds of Study mothers (N = 802) accurately represent all mothers in the general population (aged in England and Wales in 1994-1995 (estimates derived from the General Household Survey 28 ).…”

Section: Samplementioning

confidence: 99%

MAOA, maltreatment, and gene–environment interaction predicting children's mental health: new evidence and a meta-analysis

et al. 2006

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Previous research on adults has shown that a functional polymorphism in the promoter region of the monoamine oxidase A (MAOA) gene moderates the impact of childhood maltreatment on risk for developing antisocial behavior. Thus far, attempts to replicate this finding have been mixed. The current study (i) presents new data investigating this finding in a sample of 975 seven-year-old boys, and (ii) evaluates the extant data by conducting a meta-analysis of published findings. We replicated the original finding by showing that the MAOA polymorphism moderates the development of psychopathology after exposure to physical abuse, we extended the finding to childhood closer in time to the maltreatment experience, and we ruledout the possibility of a spurious finding by accounting for passive and evocative geneenvironment correlation. Moreover, meta-analysis demonstrated that across studies, the association between maltreatment and mental health problems is significantly stronger in the group of males with the genotype conferring low vs high MAOA activity. These findings provide the strongest evidence to date suggesting that the MAOA gene influences vulnerability to environmental stress, and that this biological process can be initiated early in life. Molecular Psychiatry (2006) 11, 903-913.

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“…In this case, the link between externalizing behavior and CUD is due to other factors (confounders), rather than causal. For example, child and adolescent externalizing behaviors are associated with teenage motherhood, marital disruption, poor maternal mental health, maternal substance use, low socio-economic status, poor family functioning, and parental supervision of the child ( [Moffitt, 2002b], [Moffitt, 2006], [Nagin and Tremblay, 2001] and [Weissman et al, 1999]). These family factors are also associated with the later use of substances by children ( [Hawkins et al, 1992] and [Hayatbakhsh et al, 2006]).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Child and adolescent externalizing behavior and cannabis use disorders in early adulthood: An Australian prospective birth cohort study

Hayatbakhsh

McGee

Bor

et al. 2008

Addictive Behaviors

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This study examined the association between age of onset and persistence of externalizing behavior and young adults' cannabis use disorders (CUDs). Data were from a 21 year follow-up of a birth cohort study in Brisbane, Australia. The present cohort consisted of 2225 young adults who had data available about CUDs at 21 years and externalizing behavior at 5 and 14 years. Young adults' CUDs were assessed using the CIDIAuto. Child and adolescent externalizing behavior were assessed at the 5-and 14-year phases of the study. After controlling for confounding variables, children who had externalizing behavior at both 5 and 14 years (child-onset-persistent) (COP) had a substantial increase in risk of CUD at age 21 years (Odds ratio (OR) = 2.5; 95% CI: 1.5, 4.2). This association was similar for those who had 'adolescent onset' (AO) externalizing behavior. However, there was no association between 'childhood limited' (CL) externalizing behavior and CUD. Externalizing behavior in adolescence is a strong predictor of subsequent CUD. Smoking and drinking at 14 years partially mediated the link between externalizing behavior and CUD.

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Teen‐aged mothers in contemporary Britain

Abstract: Young mothers today face difficulties known to have long-lasting effects for women and their children. Preventions that target young mothers may reduce harm to the physical health, mental health, and social status of future generations.

Cited by 390 publications

References 73 publications

Moderation of breastfeeding effects on the IQ by genetic variation in fatty acid metabolism

Moderation of breastfeeding effects on the IQ by genetic variation in fatty acid metabolism

MAOA, maltreatment, and gene–environment interaction predicting children's mental health: new evidence and a meta-analysis

Child and adolescent externalizing behavior and cannabis use disorders in early adulthood: An Australian prospective birth cohort study

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