Tectonic constraints for hydrocarbon targets in the Dezful Embayment, Zagros Fold and Thrust Belt, SW Iran

Ghanadian, Mustafa; Faghih, Ali; Fard, Iraj Abdollahie; Grasemann, Bernhard; Soleimany, Bahman; Maleki, Mehrdad

doi:10.1016/j.petrol.2017.02.004

Cited by 34 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…On this basis, the generation and expulsion of hydrocarbons from the Albian Kazhdumi and Palaeocene Pabdeh source rocks initiated during the middle-late Miocene deposition of the middle Aghajari Formation coeval with the slight folding of the Competent Group (Figure 12). The critical time for hydrocarbon charge in the north Dezful Embayment was during the deposition of the upper Aghajari Formation and the Lahbari Member and thus supports previous studies that have revealed synchronous folding and oil generation across the Dezful Embayment initiated during the middle (Van Buchem et al, 2001) or late Miocene (Bordenave & Hegre, 2005 Fard, Sepehr, & Sherkati, 2011;Allen & Talebian, 2011;Bahroudi & Koyi, 2004;Carruba et al, 2006;Ghanadian, Faghih, Abdollahie Fard, Kusky, & Maleki, 2017;Ghanadian, Faghih, Abdollahie Fard, Grasemann, et al, 2017;O'Brien, 1950;Sarkarinejad, Pash, Motamedi, & Yazdani, 2017;Sherkati & Letouzey, 2004;Sherkati et al, 2005Sherkati et al, , 2006Verg es et al, 2011). However, those studies did not account for the noteworthy diapiric development of the Gachsaran Formation as illustrated in this study.…”

Section: Implications Of the Interaction Between Compression And DIsupporting

confidence: 85%

“…Previous studies dealing with the structure of the north Dezful Embayment have considered the Gachsaran evaporites as an efficient intermediate detachment horizon producing a pronounced structural decoupling (Upper Mobile Group). This detachment separated the structures deforming the overlying Passive Group from the underlying Competent Group (Abdollahie Fard, Sepehr, & Sherkati, ; Allen & Talebian, ; Bahroudi & Koyi, ; Carruba et al., ; Ghanadian, Faghih, Abdollahie Fard, Kusky, & Maleki, ; Ghanadian, Faghih, Abdollahie Fard, Grasemann, et al., ; O'Brien, ; Sarkarinejad, Pash, Motamedi, & Yazdani, ; Sherkati & Letouzey, ; Sherkati et al., , ; Vergés et al., ). However, those studies did not account for the noteworthy diapiric development of the Gachsaran Formation as illustrated in this study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Folding, thrusting and diapirism: Competing mechanisms for shaping the structure of the north Dezful Embayment, Zagros, Iran

et al. 2018

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Differentiating compressional growth strata from halokinetic sequences is not straightforward in foreland fold‐and‐thrust belts where compressional and diapiric processes were coeval. Although there are numerous studies on the role of salt layers in fold‐and‐thrust belts, very few focus on syntectonic evaporites where they are thick enough to develop diapirism. The tectonic structures of the northern Dezful Embayment, along the footwall of the Zagros Mountain Front Fault, show a complex evolution interpreted in this study by the concurrence of folding, thrusting and pre‐ and syn‐shortening diapirism of the lower Miocene Gachsaran evaporites. We explore this tectonic–diapiric–sedimentary interplay by combining field studies and remote‐sensing mapping, detailed stratigraphy and sedimentology, high‐quality seismic data, and step‐by‐step balanced tectono‐sedimentary restorations. Initial diapirism occurred soon after the deposition of at least 1.5 km thick Miocene Gachsaran evaporites during the sedimentation of up to 5 km thick Aghajari, Lahbari and Bakhtyari formations, which display syntectonic mixed growth strata and halokinetic sequences. These sedimentary sequences filled salt‐related minibasins, from which the Azanak Minibasin is the deepest, limited by growing salt walls and salt anticlines (Azanak thrust‐weld and the Saland–Lali anticline). Palaeocurrents and clasts compositions document fluvial diversions and exposure and erosion of Gachsaran evaporites along the active salt walls. Although, by further shortening, the precursor salt walls squeezed and reactivated as thrust‐welds structuring a duplex of overriding minibasins. During the deposition of the middle‐late Miocene Aghajari Formation, Kazhdumi and Pabdeh source rocks were buried to oil‐expulsion depths, and Sarvak and Asmari reservoirs were mildly folded in large and open anticlines. The Gachsaran system in the northern Dezful Embayment is collated with the structures of preshortening Hormuz salt and syn‐shortening Fars salt to highlight the important role of these ductile units in the tectonic evolution of the Zagros fold belt that is compared to syn‐compressional salt‐related Pyrenees, Carpathians, Sivas and Kuga fold belts.

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Section: Implications Of the Interaction Between Compression And DIsupporting

confidence: 85%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Folding, thrusting and diapirism: Competing mechanisms for shaping the structure of the north Dezful Embayment, Zagros, Iran

et al. 2018

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“…thrusting, folding and diapirism (Bonini, 2003;Najafi et al, 2018) and salt deformation in rifted continential margins (Alves et al, 2017), and geologic conditions required for coupling/decoupling of deformation. Extensive field and seismic based observational studies (Sherkati et al, 2005;Casciello et al, 2009;Farzipour-Saein et al, 2009;Fard et al, 2011;Vergés et al, 2011;Motamedi et al, 2012;Ghanadian et al, 2017b;Jahani et al, 2017;Najafi et al, 2018;Derikvand et al, 2019), analogue modelling (Bahroudi and Koyi, 2003;Sherkati et al, 2006;Konstantinovskaya and Malavieille, 2011;Driehaus et al, 2014;Ghazian and Buiter, 2014;Santolaria et al, 2015;Farzipour-Saein and Koyi, 2016;Ghanadian et al, 2017c;Borderie et al, 2018) and numerical modelling studies (Ruh et al, 2012(Ruh et al, , 2017Feng et al, 2015) have been conducted to address questions in FAT belts with double or multiple décollements. It has been realized that rock mechanical properties (Dean et al, 2013;Morgan, 2015;Meng and Hodgetts, 2019), décollements depth (Sepehr et al, 2006;Sherkati et al, 2006;Motamedi et al, 2012) and thickness (Stewart, 1996(Stewart, , 1999Costa and Vendeville, 2002;Meng and Hodgetts, 2019) can determine the structural styles and decoupling in the shallow and deep segments of FAT belts.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structural styles and decoupling in stratigraphic sequences with double décollements during thin-skinned contractional tectonics: Insights from numerical modelling

Meng

Hodgetts

2019

Journal of Structural Geology

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Six series of particle-based numerical experiments were performed to simulate thin-skinned contractional tectonics in stratigraphic sequences with double décollements during horizontal shortening. The models were assigned with varying rock competence, depth and thickness of the upper décollement, which resulted in significantly different styles of deformation and decoupling characteristics above and below the upper décollement. The models composed of the least competent material produced distributed sinusoidal detachment folds, with many shallow structures profoundly decoupled from the deep-seated folds. The models composed of a more competent material are dominated by faulted box folds, with minor disharmonic folds developed in their limbs. In contrast, the results of models composed of the most competent material are characterised by localised piggyback thrusts, fault-bend folds and pop-up structures with tensile fractures developed in fold hinges. Depth of the upper décollements also plays an important role in controlling structural decoupling, i.e. the shallower the upper décollements, the higher the degree of decoupling becomes. Thicker upper décollements can provide sufficient mobile materials to fill fold cores, and contribute to the formation of secondary disharmonic folds, helping enhance structural decoupling. Our modelling results are comparable to the structural features

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“…Numerous publications have been published in several aspects of Dezful Embayment such as separation and folding of the Phanerozoic sedimentary (James and Wynd, 1965;Huber, 1977;Berberian and King, 1981), Zagros Precambrian basement (Berberian, 1976(Berberian, , 1977(Berberian, , 1981Berberian and Tchalenko, 1976a,b;Berberian and Papastamatiou, 1978), uplift rate in late Pliocene is about 1mm/y (Lees and Falcon, 1952;Lees, 1955;Falcon, 1974;Vita-Finzi, 1979) and this rate in Holocene is 6.6-8.1 (Vita-Finzi, 1978), shallow sediments folded belt (McKenzie, 1972;Jackson, 1980;Jackson and Fitch, 1981;Kadinsky-Cade and Barazangi, 1982;Jackson and McKenzie, 1984;Ni and Barazangi, 1986) and petroleum prospects (e.g., Bordenave, 2002, Bordenave andHegre, 2005;Ghanadian et al, 2017).…”

Section: Location Of Ahvaz Oil Fieldmentioning

confidence: 99%

Controlling Factors on Unusual Oil Composition Distribution in Bangestan Reservoir, Dezful Embayment, Sw Iran

2020

GiG

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Petroleum geochemical characteristics are a major parameter of hydrocarbon field development. The present study is an attempt to decipher unusual Bangestan (Cretaceous age) oil distribution throughout the Ahvaz oil field, SW Iran based on SARA test, and GC-MS analysis of selected oil samples. The results indicated that all analysed oils are ascribed to paraffinic group. Hydrocarbon indicators such as triterpane tricyclic C 22 /C 21 (high), C 24 /C 23 , and C 26 /C 25 (low) and C 31 R/C 30 Hopane (high), and C 25 /C 26 ratio vs C 25 /C 26 tet ratio presented that these oils sourced from carbonate-marl rocks. High saturation/aromatic ratio in these oil samples may be related to long migration or high maturity. Biomarker variation exhibits a marine environment for the source rocks deposition. The observed oil maturity trend is showing a well correlation with the prevailing geothermal gradient and possible basement faults and fractured system. Increasing oil maturity in the eastern part of the field may be referred to a heat flow anomaly. It seems the area around well-C location (the area of wells no. C, D, or E) can be considered to be a petrochemical separator of fluids for two sides of the field. Therefore, it can be concluded that the observed petrochemical pattern is a complicated response of several factors such as the presence of palaeohigh, basement controlled faults, petroleum source rocks, fracture system and geothermal gradient variation in this deep reservoir.

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Tectonic constraints for hydrocarbon targets in the Dezful Embayment, Zagros Fold and Thrust Belt, SW Iran

Cited by 34 publications

References 37 publications

Folding, thrusting and diapirism: Competing mechanisms for shaping the structure of the north Dezful Embayment, Zagros, Iran

Folding, thrusting and diapirism: Competing mechanisms for shaping the structure of the north Dezful Embayment, Zagros, Iran

Structural styles and decoupling in stratigraphic sequences with double décollements during thin-skinned contractional tectonics: Insights from numerical modelling

Controlling Factors on Unusual Oil Composition Distribution in Bangestan Reservoir, Dezful Embayment, Sw Iran

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