Tectonic and structural setting for active mesothermal gold vein systems, Southern Alps, New Zealand

Craw, D.; Campbell, J.

doi:10.1016/j.jsg.2003.11.012

Cited by 36 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Mercury is found in sinters of active orogenic warm springs in the northern South Island (Barnes et al 1978). These springs are the surface manifestations of a modern tectonically driven hydrothermal system that results in localised mesothermal gold deposition (Templeton et al 1999;Craw & Campbell 2004). Hence, Hg might be expected to occur principally at shallow levels in hydrothermal deposits formed in the orogenic system that emplaced the Otago gold-bearing veins.…”

Section: Mineralisation Depthmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The spatial relationships between veins and schist terranes are made more complex because mesothermal vein systems undoubtedly have substantial vertical extent within the host schist, probably for >2 km (Templeton et al 1999;Craw & Campbell 2004). Thus, feeder zones may extend below the visible host rocks into underlying rock sequences, and mineralising hydrothermal fluids were derived from even deeper levels (Williams 1974;Craw & Norris 1991;Hay & Craw 1993).…”

Section: Geographic Distribution Of Hg In Goldmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The mercury and silver contents of gold in quartz vein deposits, Otago Schist, New Zealand

MacKenzie

Craw²

2005

New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics

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A regional study of gold from Otago Schist vein deposits from both Caples and Torlesse Terranes has revealed the presence of both Au-Ag and Au-Ag-Hg alloys in both terranes. Almost all Hg-bearing gold occurs in east Otago vein systems, and Hg-free gold occurs in central and northwest Otago vein systems, irrespective of host terrane. One Central Otago mineralised zone has up to 1.7 wt% Hg in the gold. Au-Ag alloy (3-8 wt% Ag) is typical for gold found in most Torlesse-hosted vein deposits, and Au-Ag-Hg alloys with 1-4 wt% Hg are found in vein material from the Torlesse-hosted Hyde-Macraes Shear Zone. Au-Ag-Hg alloy (3-8 wt% Ag, 2-8 wt% Hg) is found in many Caples-hosted vein deposits. There is no relationship between depth of vein emplacement and Hg content of gold, as both high and low Hg gold are found in shallow-formed (<2 km) and deep-formed (>6 km) deposits. There is no spatial relationship between Hg-bearing gold and cinnabar-bearing veins that occur in Caples Terrane rocks on the southern edge of the schist belt. Mercury-bearing placer gold in eastern Southland may have been derived from erosion of east Otago veins. The source of Hg-bearing placer gold in northern Southland is unknown as yet.

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Section: Mineralisation Depthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Geographic Distribution Of Hg In Goldmentioning

confidence: 99%

The mercury and silver contents of gold in quartz vein deposits, Otago Schist, New Zealand

MacKenzie

Craw²

2005

New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics

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“…Mesothermal vein type gold deposits are structurally controlled vein systems found in exhumed metamorphic belts, principally in greenschist facies rocks. Economic deposits typically occur close to major crustal structures such as faults or shear zones (Vearncombe et al, 1989 and Craw and Campbell, 2004). In the study area similar structural elements include shear zones and related alterations are recognized in the metavolcanosedimentary sequence formed under greenschist facies.…”

Section: Gossans and Gold Mineralizationmentioning

confidence: 77%

Structural Control on Banded Iron Formation (BIF) and Gold Mineralization at Abu Marawat Area, Central Eastern Desert, Egypt

El-Shafei¹

2011

JKAU Earth Sci

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Abu Marawat area is considered as a promising site for exploration of gold mineralization, where many ancient gold mines, hydrothermal alteration zones, and intervening quartz veins are present. This study is a field-based structural analysis that aims at revealing the relationship between mineral occurrences and local structural setting. The area is a part of a back-arc volcanosedimentary sequence associated with banded iron formation (BIF) that has undergone extensive ductile and brittle deformation history. This multiple deformation is manifested by four phases. D1 and D2 are the product of compressional stresses and are expressed by F1, F2 and F3 folds in low-grade regionally metamorphosed rocks. D1 was a progressive deformational phase started with F1 folds, which in a later stage were overprinted by F2 folds. It resulted from NW-SE-oriented pure shear and is associated with imbricate thrust stacks, which control the locations of listwanite bearing gold. NE-SW-oriented compressive stress during D2 is displayed by F3-slip folds at the early stage followed by N-S- to NW-trending dip-slip normal faults and related shear zones. Mineralized quartz veins (MQV) were developed post-D2 and pre-D3. Folding and refolding in addition to thrust movement play a significant role in shortening and thickening of the iron formation bands located at the summit of Gebel Abu Marawat. D3 and D4 are expressed by brittle deformation. D3 is displayed by conjugate shear planes represented by sinistral-NW-oriented and dextral-NE–oriented strike-slip faults that led to the dislocation and redistribution of gold mineraliztion associated with both MQV and listwanite. Barren quartz veins trending E-W were also developed along gash fractures formed during this phase of deformation.

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“…Characterizing this transition relies on being able to distinguish different grain-scale deformation mechanisms in samples of fault rocks, and determining the effects on those mechanisms of strain rate, temperature, pressure, and fluids (chemically and physically; e.g., Craw and Campbell, 2004).…”

Section: Interaction Between Brittle and Ductile Deformation Processesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Deep Fault Drilling ProjectAlpine Fault, New Zealand

Townend

Sutherland

Toy

2009

Scientific Drilling

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The Alpine Fault, South Island, New Zealand, constitutes a globally significant natural laboratory for research into how active plate-bounding continental faults work and, in particular, how rocks exposed at the surface today relate to deep-seated processes of tectonic deformation, seismogenesis, and mineralization. The along-strike homogeneity of the hanging wall, rapid rate of dextral-reverse slip on an inclined fault plane, and relatively shallow depths to mechanical and chemical transitions make the Alpine Fault and the broader South Island plate boundary an important international site for multi-disciplinary research and a realistic target for an ambitious long-term program of scientific drilling investigations.

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Tectonic and structural setting for active mesothermal gold vein systems, Southern Alps, New Zealand

Cited by 36 publications

References 41 publications

The mercury and silver contents of gold in quartz vein deposits, Otago Schist, New Zealand

The mercury and silver contents of gold in quartz vein deposits, Otago Schist, New Zealand

Structural Control on Banded Iron Formation (BIF) and Gold Mineralization at Abu Marawat Area, Central Eastern Desert, Egypt

Deep Fault Drilling ProjectAlpine Fault, New Zealand

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Tectonic and structural setting for active mesothermal gold vein systems, Southern Alps, New Zealand

Cited by 36 publications

References 41 publications

The mercury and silver contents of gold in quartz vein deposits, Otago Schist, New Zealand

The mercury and silver contents of gold in quartz vein deposits, Otago Schist, New Zealand

Structural Control on Banded Iron Formation (BIF) and Gold Mineralization at Abu Marawat Area, Central Eastern Desert, Egypt

Deep Fault Drilling ProjectAlpine Fault, New Zealand

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Deep Fault Drilling ProjectAlpine Fault, New Zealand