Technology Trends in Electrophotography

Lee, M. H.; Ayala, Javier; Grant, Barbara; Imaino, W.; Jaffe, Annette B.; Latta, M. R.; Rice, Sean

doi:10.1147/rd.283.0241

Cited by 13 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…The aim of the present work was to develop stable thin film electrodes, which could undergo reduction and reoxidation cycles not limited by diffusion processes, up to relatively fast voltage scans. The intensely studied properties of electrodes coated with redox active organic layers (35)(36)(37)(38)(39) are less satisfactory in these respects.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Phthalocyanines (Pc) have been used in many instances as the lightsensitive, charge separating medium for these applications (5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(26)(27)(28)(29)(30)(31)(32)(33). They also continue to be of interest as the primary photoreceptors in electrophotography and information processing applications, along with several other chromophores of the merocyanine, cyanine, and squarane families (34)(35)(36)(37)(38)(39).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Tri‐ and Tetravalent Phthalocyanine Thin Film Photoelectrodes: Comparison with Other Metal and Demetallated Phthalocyanine Systems

Rieke

Linkous

Buttner

et al. 1985

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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A series of trivalent and tetravalent metal phthalocyanines (Pc) has been examined in thin film form on metal substrates by electron microscopy, UV-visible spectrophotometry, and electrochemical and photoelectrochemical techniques. These Pc's are compared with other divalent metal and demetallated phthalocyanines. The tri-and tetravalent phthalocyanines show enhanced photoresponses vs. the divalent metal and demetallated systems. This enhanced activity correlates with their broadened and red-shifted visible spectra and their tendency to grow as block-like or plateletlike microcrystals in the thin film. The divalent and demetallated Pc's grow as smaller, needle-like deposits with poor photoresponses. The trivalent and tetravalent Pc's have been grown in this study as thin films that act as highly doped p-type photoelectrodes or as nearly intrinsic photoconductors, exhibiting both positive and negative photopotentials, depending upon the E ~ of the redox couple.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Tri‐ and Tetravalent Phthalocyanine Thin Film Photoelectrodes: Comparison with Other Metal and Demetallated Phthalocyanine Systems

Rieke

Linkous

Buttner

et al. 1985

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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“…1,2 Industry is particularly interested in and is intensively researching contact charging-the main phenomenon of the electrophotographic development process [3][4][5] -involved in nonimpact, toner, and developerbased printing technologies. A large number of experimental and theoretical studies have been conducted and summarized in comprehensive reviews [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21] and yet the mechanism of contact electrification remains unclear.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electron Transfer in Electrical Tribocharging Using a Quantum Chemical Approach

Nikitina¹,

Barthel²,

Heinemann³

2009

jist

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Electrical tribocharging is a fundamental physicochemical phenomenon and the basis of electrophotographic development. Despite extensive study, a complete understanding of the mechanism-commonly referred to as electron or ion transferremains unclear. Using a quantum chemical (QCh) approach, we studied the electron charge transfer (ECT) as one possible atomicscale mechanism of tribocharging. We also describe ECT for several systems based on two materials in contact (tribopairs). Methods of density function theory and time-dependent density function theory were applied to QCh modeling using a cluster approach. A series of energetic and charge characteristics at the atomic level were calculated: including the highest-and lowest-occupied molecular orbitals (respectively) and the Fermi levels of complex components in their individual (free) as well as contact states, before and after electron excitation, ECT-excited energy states, charge distribution in the complexes, and the dipole moments of the excited complexes with ECT. Correlations were evaluated between the transferred charges and dipole moments and between transferred charges and Fermi levels. Furthermore, we could show that the QCh analysis offers insight into the ranking of tribocharging agents based on their chemical nature.

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“…Automatic computer-system printing used in IBM word-or data-processing systems falls into two main categories, namely impact printing, as in serial-by-character printers [1] and line printers [2], and non-impact printing, as in Inkjet printers [3] and electrophotographic [4] printers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%