Technology Transfer and Agricultural Development: A Comparative Study of Asia and Africa

Otsuka, Keijiro

doi:10.1007/978-981-13-3131-2_2

Cited by 9 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Such trends, where they take place, may accelerate the rise of rural wages more so than the typical model of industrialization-led structural transformation. In parts of Africa, the demand for mechanization is likely to have been raised substantially by rising food demand that has increased not only food imports but also purchases from the domestic farm sector (AGRA 2019), as well as by labor productivity growth (Diao, Hazell, et al 2019;Diao, Kweka, and McMillan 2019) and land productivity-enhancing intensification (Christiaensen 2017;Otsuka 2019). However, in other parts of Africa, rising food prices and food imports have not necessarily induced sufficient agricultural productivity growth, and effects on demand for mechanization have been limited.…”

Section: Demand-side Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An evolving paradigm for Africa and synthesis of the lessons from Asia

Diao¹,

Silver²,

Takeshima³

et al. 2020

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Africa has experienced a paradigm shift in mechanization in the past three decades. The "new paradigm" has also given rise to new challenges and policy issues. By synthesizing the recent experiences in African and Asian countries, this chapter draws lessons from Asia and Africa under this new African paradigm. In doing so, the chapter first lays out the guiding theoretical framework used in 1987 by Pingali, Bigot, and Binswanger (PBB), based on the literature on farming systems evolution and induced technological change. The chapter then describes the "new paradigm," which builds on PBB but also integrates the additional dimension of market failures associated, on the supply side, with custom hiring services, which have become the most common mode of mechanization among smallholders in developing countries. Applying this expanded framework, the chapter then reviews the Asian experience first. It highlights how mechanization has grown in the continent, having largely avoided supply-side market failures, thanks to several factors: smaller machine sizes;1 increased opportunities for multifunctional uses of machines; more secure land tenures that allow integration with formal credit markets; and the supportive, rather than distortive, nature of government subsidy policies. The chapter then turns to the experiences in Africa south of the Sahara ("Africa" hereafter) and highlights the emerging patterns of spatial variations in demand that are still largely consistent with the PBB framework. However, the chapter also stresses that market failures associated with custom hiring services on the supply side are substantial due to features unique to Africa, including the dominant types of large tractors, in addition to higher financial constraints on tractor ownership resulting from lack of secure land tenures and weak penetration of formal credit markets, as well as other barriers due to limited multifunctionality, lack of migratory services due to insufficient infrastructure and coordination failures, and insufficient technologies complementary to mechanization. Based on country experiences in Asia and Africa, the chapter also highlights key government policies that have not always been successful, including import restrictions (or removal thereof), inefficient technology and skill promotion, and insufficient provision of public goods. Last, given the country experiences and the identified appropriate roles of governments, the chapter concludes by describing the key lessons that are important for Africa's mechanization pathway forward, including (1) understanding the emerging nature of demand, (2) actively promoting private hiring services, (3) eliminating or reducing distortions, and (4) prioritizing the mechanization technologies appropriate for African contexts.

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Section: Demand-side Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An evolving paradigm for Africa and synthesis of the lessons from Asia

Diao¹,

Silver²,

Takeshima³

et al. 2020

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“…The key to boosting the efficiency of the agriculture industry, which ultimately has a beneficial long-term impact on any country's economic growth, is technological advancement in the industry (Grabowsk, 2006)The agricultural firm's growth engine, like that of all other aspects of the economy, is technological advancement, particularly in emerging countries (Otsuka, 2019).…”

Section: Findings and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Indo-Pak Kashmir Relations on the Eve of Agtech in the Agriculture Sector of Pakistan

Asmat Ullah Durrani, Manzoor Ahmed

2022

pjia

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Indo-Pak relations throughout the seventy-five years of co-existence have been no less than a roller coaster ride. Scholars have attributed this peculiar and toxic romance to various factors among them Kashmir stands out in it being the jugular vein of Pakistan as all three western rivers, on which Pakistan’s agriculture sector solely depends, flow from the Indian administered Kashmir. India is using this to their advantage by planning to construct hydropower dams on the western river, likely affect Pakistan’s agriculture sector, all while publically proclaiming “Blood and water cannot flow together” Countries around the world have started introducing Agtech like Water Conserving Technologies (WCTs) in their agriculture sector in the face of growing water demand and water security. These WCTs not only use less water but also increase the overall yield of the crop. This study is an interdisciplinary endeavour which intends to link the impact of introduction of WCTs in the agriculture sector with the Indo-Pak relations in the context of Kashmir. The Secondary data was collected by searching through key words and reviewing the literature and was analysed through meta-analysis. The study concludes that introduction of AgTech in the agriculture sector of Pakistan has the potential to bring India and Pakistan closer in the context of Kashmir

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“…As Asia is the most populous region in the world, Asian countries have tended to be highly motivated to apply new technologies to obtain better crop yields. Asian countries generally feel the need to increase food production to support a growing population, but they must also import the technologies (Otsuka, 2019). A deeper understanding of the public perceptions of the risks and benefits of gene editing technology is needed in Asian countries.…”

Section: Emerging Biotechnology Civic Epistemology and Trust In Food ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Public Perceptions of Risks and Benefits of Gene-edited Food Crops: An International Comparative Study between the US, Japan, and Germany

Kato-Nitta

Tachikawa

Inagaki

et al. 2022

Science, Technology, & Human Values

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This study statistically explored public perceptions of the risks and benefits of the agricultural application of gene editing to food crops using online surveys in the US ( n = 2,050), Japan ( n = 1,842), and Germany ( n = 1,962). The American participants exhibited the most positive attitudes toward this emerging technology. Japanese participants demonstrated similar attitudes to German participants regarding risk perceptions and demonstrated closer attitudes to American participants regarding benefit perceptions. Further, the American participants did not highly differentiate between gene-edited and conventionally bred foods when compared to German and Japanese participants. Presentation of information using either animal or plant illustrations did not have any impact on risk perceptions toward gene-edited crops in the three countries, but the German and Japanese people who were given information with plant illustrations showed higher perceptions of benefit than those who were given the same information but with animal illustrations. The study results empirically indicate that despite receiving the same information under the same experimental conditions, perceptions can vary among countries. Our survey and provision of contrasting information illustrations, as well as including participants from an Asian country—Japan—in addition to Americans and Germans broadens the framework of civic epistemology.

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Technology Transfer and Agricultural Development: A Comparative Study of Asia and Africa

Cited by 9 publications

References 25 publications

An evolving paradigm for Africa and synthesis of the lessons from Asia

An evolving paradigm for Africa and synthesis of the lessons from Asia

Indo-Pak Kashmir Relations on the Eve of Agtech in the Agriculture Sector of Pakistan

Public Perceptions of Risks and Benefits of Gene-edited Food Crops: An International Comparative Study between the US, Japan, and Germany

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