Technology review of the biological aerated filter systems BAFs for removal of the nitrogen in wastewater

Abstract

The removal of nitrogen compounds in wastewater is receiving wide attention and the effluent standards will be tougher in the near future. The overall aim of this article is a review of biological aerated filter systems BAFs for removal of the nitrogen in wastewater. The BAFs technology is based on the principle of biofiltration where can be operated either in an upflow or downflow mode depending upon the position of the influent feed, where the media which attached growth zone can be either denser than water to give sunken media or less dense than water to produce floating media. The BAFs combines biological treatment and ammonia-nitrogen and solids removal in one reactor unit, where accumulated solids are removed from the BAFs through backwashing.

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“…The biological aerated filter system (BAF) uses the aerobic process to treat wastewater by combining oxidation and filtration through biological interaction. The BAF is made up of three phases: a solid phase that acts as a substrate for microbial growth; a liquid phase into which the solid material is dissolved; and a gas phase that is created when air is added to the reactor [153]. It has been utilized to treat a range of wastes, including pharmaceuticals, due to its incredible effectiveness and low cost [154], and industrial, municipal, and swine flush water [155].…”