“…Teacher education researchers have argued for a need to design preservice teacher assessment that can provide practical insights into preservice teacher learning to stakeholders, such as teacher educators (eg, Goodwin et al, 2014) and preservice teachers themselves (eg, Snead & Freiberg, 2019). Technology integration researchers, in particular, have been interested in the role of preservice teachers' technology integration course experience to understand their learning (eg, Kimmons, Miller, Amador, Desjardins, & Hall, 2015;Mouza, Karchmer-Klein, Nandakumar, Ozden, & Hu, 2014).…”