“…TPACK based on the Industrial Revolution 4.0 platform can affect society and the economy in various ways, communicate on social media, facilitate access to various producers, innovative competitors, increase the use of digital marketing, creative industries, improve the quality of public services, improving the quality of the business environment, collaborative innovation and innovation in various forms of organisation (Amran et al, 2020;Arifin et al, 2022;Mohamad et al, 2019;Prisecaru, 2016;Saria et al, 2021;Seraliyev et al, 2022).…”