Technology for Ocean Acidification Research: Needs and Availability

Martz, Todd R.; Daly, Kendra L.; Byrne, Robert H.; Stillman, Jonathon H.; Turk, Daniela

doi:10.5670/oceanog.2015.30

Cited by 52 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 44 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…In recent years, a number of in situ sensors for carbonate chemistry have become commercially available, making autonomous measurements more accessible to the community [31]. These sensors allow for routine deployments in a wide range of ecosystems by research groups that are not necessarily experts in instrumentation.…”

Section: Compact Fixed Observatoriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this review, we summarize work from the past 5 years highlighting the expansion of our autonomous carbonate observing capabilities, and some of the key recent scientific discoveries. Recent reviews have highlighted advances in carbonate sensor technology [31,32] so we instead focus on the autonomous instrumentation that currently comprises our carbonate observation network and promising emerging technologies. In this paper, we review (1) current autonomous observational capabilities, (2) emerging sensors and autonomous platforms for carbonate observations, and (3) challenges for the measurement and interpretation of these novel observations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Observing Changes in Ocean Carbonate Chemistry: Our Autonomous Future

Bushinsky

Takeshita

Williams

2019

Curr Clim Change Rep

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Purpose of Review We summarize recent progress on autonomous observations of ocean carbonate chemistry and the development of a network of sensors capable of observing carbonate processes at multiple temporal and spatial scales. Recent Findings The development of versatile pH sensors suitable for both deployment on autonomous vehicles and in compact, fixed ecosystem observatories has been a major development in the field. The initial large-scale deployment of profiling floats equipped with these new pH sensors in the Southern Ocean has demonstrated the feasibility of a global autonomous open-ocean carbonate observing system. Summary Our developing network of autonomous carbonate observations is currently targeted at surface ocean CO 2 fluxes and compact ecosystem observatories. New integration of developed sensors on gliders and surface vehicles will increase our coastal and regional observational capability. Most autonomous platforms observe a single carbonate parameter, which leaves us reliant on the use of empirical relationships to constrain the rest of the carbonate system. Sensors now in development promise the ability to observe multiple carbonate system parameters from a range of vehicles in the near future.

show abstract

Section: Compact Fixed Observatoriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Observing Changes in Ocean Carbonate Chemistry: Our Autonomous Future

Bushinsky

Takeshita

Williams

2019

Curr Clim Change Rep

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…These instruments permit continuous in-situ pH measurements, one of the four measureable carbonate system parameters. p CO 2 can also be accurately measured in situ using autonomous instrumentation [17, 18]. While the remaining carbonate parameters can be calculated from measurements of pH and p CO 2 , this particular combination is susceptible to large calculation error derived from the measurement error for each respective parameter [19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating Carbonate System Algorithms in a Nearshore System: Does Total Alkalinity Matter?

et al. 2016

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Ocean acidification is a threat to many marine organisms, especially those that use calcium carbonate to form their shells and skeletons. The ability to accurately measure the carbonate system is the first step in characterizing the drivers behind this threat. Due to logistical realities, regular carbonate system sampling is not possible in many nearshore ocean habitats, particularly in remote, difficult-to-access locations. The ability to autonomously measure the carbonate system in situ relieves many of the logistical challenges; however, it is not always possible to measure the two required carbonate parameters autonomously. Observed relationships between sea surface salinity and total alkalinity can frequently provide a second carbonate parameter thus allowing for the calculation of the entire carbonate system. Here, we assessed the rigor of estimating total alkalinity from salinity at a depth <15 m by routinely sampling water from a pier in southern California for several carbonate system parameters. Carbonate system parameters based on measured values were compared with those based on estimated TA values. Total alkalinity was not predictable from salinity or from a combination of salinity and temperature at this site. However, dissolved inorganic carbon and the calcium carbonate saturation state of these nearshore surface waters could both be estimated within on average 5% of measured values using measured pH and salinity-derived or regionally averaged total alkalinity. Thus we find that the autonomous measurement of pH and salinity can be used to monitor trends in coastal changes in DIC and saturation state and be a useful method for high-frequency, long-term monitoring of ocean acidification.

show abstract

“…The Alliance for Coastal Technologies (ACT; http://www.act-us.info/) and the International Ocean Carbon Coordination Project (http://www.ioccp.org) have been promoting shared databases and intercomparison studies of underway p CO 2 systems as well as for other carbon system measurements. Martz et al () identified a general lack of documentation of measurement systems in the peer‐reviewed literature and the need to “conduct international intercomparison exercises” and “promote availability of instrumentation”.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

At‐sea intercomparison of three underway pCO₂ systems

Arruda

Atamanchuk

Cronin

et al. 2019

Limnology & Ocean Methods

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Ocean surface partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO2) is a key factor controlling air–sea CO2 fluxes. Most surface pCO2 data are collected with relatively large and complex air–water equilibrators coupled to stand‐alone infrared analyzers installed on Ships of OPportunity (SOOP‐CO2). This approach has proven itself through years of successful deployments, but expansion and sustainability of the future measurement network faces challenges in terms of certification, autonomy, and maintenance, which motivates development of new systems. Here, we compare performance of three underway pCO2 measurement systems (General Oceanics, SubCtech, and Pro‐Oceanus), including a recently developed compact flow‐through, sensor‐based system. The systems were intercompared over a period of 34 days during two crossings of the subpolar North Atlantic Ocean. With a mean difference from the General Oceanics system of −5.7 ± 4.0 μatm (Pro‐Oceanus) and −4.7 ± 2.9 μatm (SubCtech) during the 1st crossing, our results indicate potential for good agreement between the systems. The study highlighted the challenge of assuring accuracy over long periods of time, particularly seen in a worse agreement during the 2nd crossing, and revealed a number of sources of systematic errors. These can influence accuracy of the measurements, agreement between systems and include slow response of membrane‐based systems to pCO2 changes, “within‐ship” respiration due to biofouling, and bias in measurement of the temperature of equilibration. These error sources can be controlled or corrected for, however, if unidentified, their magnitude can be significant relative to accuracy criteria assigned to the highest‐quality data in global databases. The advantages of the compact flow‐through system are presented along with a discussion of future solutions for improving data quality.

show abstract

Technology for Ocean Acidification Research: Needs and Availability

Cited by 52 publications

References 44 publications

Observing Changes in Ocean Carbonate Chemistry: Our Autonomous Future

Observing Changes in Ocean Carbonate Chemistry: Our Autonomous Future

Evaluating Carbonate System Algorithms in a Nearshore System: Does Total Alkalinity Matter?

At‐sea intercomparison of three underway pCO₂ systems

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Technology for Ocean Acidification Research: Needs and Availability

Cited by 52 publications

References 44 publications

Observing Changes in Ocean Carbonate Chemistry: Our Autonomous Future

Observing Changes in Ocean Carbonate Chemistry: Our Autonomous Future

Evaluating Carbonate System Algorithms in a Nearshore System: Does Total Alkalinity Matter?

At‐sea intercomparison of three underway pCO2 systems

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

At‐sea intercomparison of three underway pCO₂ systems