Technology-enhanced weight-loss program in multiple-cat households: a randomized controlled trial

Abstract

Objectives The objectives of this study were to determine whether a technology-enhanced weight-loss program, using a home pet health technology ecosystem, is an effective tool in feline weight-loss management in multiple-cat households and to evaluate its impact on cat behavior. Methods The study was a prospective parallel unmasked block-randomized controlled trial comparing two weight loss intervention groups: (1) traditional group with dietary restriction alone (n = 9); (2) technology group that used dietary restriction, digital scales, smart feeders, activity monitors and pet treat cameras (n = 6). A 12-week weight-loss program of client-owned indoor-only two- or three-cat households with at least one overweight cat was conducted in Canada and the USA. Owner impressions of the technology, weight loss rates, smart feeder data, activity monitor data and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) were assessed. Results The study was completed by 9/15 traditional group and 6/10 technology group cats. Dropouts were mainly due to owner issues unrelated to the study. The pet health technology ecosystem received favorable reviews (six responders). Smart feeders and home scales were perceived as valuable additions, while activity monitors and pet treat cameras were valued lower. The average weekly weight-loss rate (percent loss of initial body weight) was higher ( P = 0.036) in the technology group (0.694%) than in the traditional group (0.175%). Although not associated with weight-loss rates, technology group cats trended toward grazing feeding patterns and decreased daily activity counts, while HRQoL increased, on average, for all cats. Conclusions and relevance This introductory investigation suggests that a technology-enhanced weight-loss program would be accepted by cat owners and may deliver advantageous outcomes in multiple-cat households, providing an effective and practical tool in feline weight-loss strategies that will continue to evolve as new technologies become available. It also illustrates the potential value of data gathered from home monitoring devices and digital diaries, providing deeper insights into pet behavior.

Survey of Belgian owners’ perspectives on quality of life and difficulties during a weight-loss programme in obese cats

“…To our knowledge, few studies have shown improvement in perceived QoL in cats after a WLP; [12][13][14] nonetheless, one study 14 compared perceived QoL with BCS and %WL/ week, and did not find a statistical correlation with the cats' QoL. Additionally, there are no published data assessing the difficulties encountered by owners during WLP.…”

“…35 Giving treats is common in feeding regimens, 36,37 and positively affects the owner's psychological health; 38 however, it can increase EI and is a risk factor for obesity. 15,39,40 No treats were included in the present study; however, anecdotal data suggest a possibility of treat feeding <10% EI 14,41,42 without causing nutritional imbalances. 41 To overcome this difficulty,…”

The standards of reporting trials in pets (PetSORT): Explanation and elaboration

“…"The study was a prospective parallel unmasked blockrandomized controlled trial comparing two weight loss intervention groups: (1) traditional group with dietary restriction alone (n = 9); (2) technology group that used dietary restriction, digital scales, smart feeders, activity monitors and pet treat cameras (n = 6)." (33) "A randomized crossover study was performed. Dogs received either sildenafil (1 mg/kg, PO, q 12 h) or a placebo for 14 days, followed by a 7-day washout period, then the opposite treatment for 14 days."…”

Identifying the target population and preventive strategies to combat feline obesity

“…For cats in multiple-pet households, microchip feeders as well as separating pets at mealtimes can reduce competition for food and overconsumption. 96 – 98 A recent consensus statement recommends feeding cats multiple small meals per day to mitigate behavioral concerns and potentially improve welfare; 97 however, once-a-day feeding may be beneficial in promoting satiety and fatty acid oxidation in cats compared with multiple feedings. 29 To date, there is a dearth of data investigating the long-term physiological effects of feeding frequency in cats and its role in obesity prevention.…”