Technology-enhanced simulation-based learning in orthodontic education: A scoping review
Kawin SIPIYARUK,
Prachworrakit KAEWSIRIRAT,
Peerapong SANTIWONG
Abstract:Introduction: Technology-enhanced simulations seem to be effective in dentistry, as they can support dental students to improve competencies in simulated environments. However, implementation of this technology in orthodontic education has not been reviewed. Objective: This scoping review aimed to comprehensively summarize the use of technology-enhanced simulations in orthodontic practice. Methods: A systematic search was conducted to identify literature on technology-enhanced simulation-based learning in or… Show more
“…Virtual setup can provide safe learning environments for orthodontic residents to perform digital tooth movement and predict treatment outcomes, with or without supervision, in various orthodontic cases repetitively until they are competent for clinical practice. There is evidence of an increasing use of these tooth movement simulations in orthodontic education, where residents may use the virtual setups to present and discuss their treatment plans with clinical advisors [ 14 , 55 , 56 ]. Moreover, virtual setup could be used for a case conference where orthodontic professionals can discuss various cases with their colleagues [ 7 , 11 ].…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Virtual setups can also be used for a case conference where orthodontists could present their treatment to their colleagues for educational purposes [ 7 ]. With the virtual setup, orthodontic patients with various craniofacial problems can be simulated, where orthodontic residents could gain experiences and improve their cognitive competence in safe environments through computer-generated tooth movement [ 14 ]. Consequently, virtual setup can play an important role as a technology-enhanced learning tool in orthodontic education.…”
Objectives
To evaluate the accuracy of virtual orthodontic setup in simulating treatment outcomes and to determine whether virtual setup should be used in orthodontic practice and education.
Materials and Methods
A systematic search was performed in five electronic databases: PubMed, Scopus, Embase, ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Global, and Google Scholar from January 2000 to November 2022 to identify all potentially relevant evidence. The reference lists of identified articles were also screened for relevant literature. The last search was conducted on 30 November 2022.
Results
This systematic review included twenty-one articles, where all of them were assessed as moderate risk of bias. The extracted data were categorized into three groups, which were: (1) Virtual setup and manual setup; (2) Virtual setup and actual outcomes in clear aligner treatment; (3) Virtual setup and actual outcomes in fixed appliance treatment. There appeared to be statistically significant differences between virtual setups and actual treatment outcomes, however the discrepancies were clinically acceptable.
Conclusion
This systematic review supports the use of orthodontic virtual setups, and therefore they should be implemented in orthodontic practice and education with clinically acceptable accuracy. However, high-quality research should be required to confirm the accuracy of virtual setups in simulating treatment outcomes.
“…Virtual setup can provide safe learning environments for orthodontic residents to perform digital tooth movement and predict treatment outcomes, with or without supervision, in various orthodontic cases repetitively until they are competent for clinical practice. There is evidence of an increasing use of these tooth movement simulations in orthodontic education, where residents may use the virtual setups to present and discuss their treatment plans with clinical advisors [ 14 , 55 , 56 ]. Moreover, virtual setup could be used for a case conference where orthodontic professionals can discuss various cases with their colleagues [ 7 , 11 ].…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Virtual setups can also be used for a case conference where orthodontists could present their treatment to their colleagues for educational purposes [ 7 ]. With the virtual setup, orthodontic patients with various craniofacial problems can be simulated, where orthodontic residents could gain experiences and improve their cognitive competence in safe environments through computer-generated tooth movement [ 14 ]. Consequently, virtual setup can play an important role as a technology-enhanced learning tool in orthodontic education.…”
Objectives
To evaluate the accuracy of virtual orthodontic setup in simulating treatment outcomes and to determine whether virtual setup should be used in orthodontic practice and education.
Materials and Methods
A systematic search was performed in five electronic databases: PubMed, Scopus, Embase, ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Global, and Google Scholar from January 2000 to November 2022 to identify all potentially relevant evidence. The reference lists of identified articles were also screened for relevant literature. The last search was conducted on 30 November 2022.
Results
This systematic review included twenty-one articles, where all of them were assessed as moderate risk of bias. The extracted data were categorized into three groups, which were: (1) Virtual setup and manual setup; (2) Virtual setup and actual outcomes in clear aligner treatment; (3) Virtual setup and actual outcomes in fixed appliance treatment. There appeared to be statistically significant differences between virtual setups and actual treatment outcomes, however the discrepancies were clinically acceptable.
Conclusion
This systematic review supports the use of orthodontic virtual setups, and therefore they should be implemented in orthodontic practice and education with clinically acceptable accuracy. However, high-quality research should be required to confirm the accuracy of virtual setups in simulating treatment outcomes.
“…The learning outcomes of orthodontics generally require varied psychomotor skills, such as wire bending, bracket positioning, and interproximal reduction (IPR), as well as competency in dealing with patients their guardians and the psychological concerns they face. Sipiyaruk et al 24 in their systematic review listed various works being done in VR/AR for the field of orthodontics. The use of an AI algorithm for the identification to analysis of points on 2D images introduced by Rao et al 25 provides new opportunities for smart learning.…”
In recent times, dentistry has seen significant technological advancements that have transformed various specialized areas within the field. Developed into applications for mobile devices, augmented reality (AR) seamlessly merges digital components with the physical world, enhancing both realms while maintaining their individual separateness. On the other hand, virtual reality (VR) relies on advanced, tailored software to visualize a digital 3D environment stimulating the operator’s senses through computer generated sensations and feedback. The current advances use the application of VR, haptic simulators, the use of an AI algorithm and many more that provides new opportunities for smart learning and enhance the teaching environment. As this technology continues to evolve, it is poised to become even more remarkable, enabling specialists to potentially visualize both soft and hard tissues within the patient's body for effective treatment planning. This literature aims to present the newest advancements and ongoing development of AR and VR in dentistry and medicine. It highlights their diverse applications while identifying areas needing further research for effective integration into clinical practice.
Keywords: Augmented Reality, Haptic Technology, Virtual Reality, Computers, Dentistry, Handheld, Algorithms, Sensation, Artificial Intelligence, Augmented reality, Dental education, Endodontics, Implantology, Oral and maxillofacial surgery
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