Technology‐driven research for radiotherapy innovation

Abstract

Technology has a pivotal role in the continuous development of radiotherapy. The long road toward modern ‘high‐tech’ radiation oncology has been studded with discoveries and technological innovations that resulted from the interaction of various disciplines. In the last decades, a dramatic technology‐driven revolution has hugely improved the capability of accurately and safely delivering complex‐shaped dose distributions. This has contributed to many clinical improvements, such as the successful management of lung cancer and oligometastatic disease through stereotactic body radiotherapy. Technology‐driven research is an active and lively field with promising potential in several domains, including image guidance, adaptive radiotherapy, integration of artificial intelligence, heavy‐particle therapy, and ‘flash’ ultra‐high dose‐rate radiotherapy. The evolution toward personalized Oncology will deeply influence technology‐driven research, aiming to integrate predictive models and omics analyses into fast and efficient solutions to deliver the best treatment for each single patient. Personalized radiation oncology will need affordable technological solutions for middle‐/low‐income countries, as these are expected to experience the highest increase of cancer incidence and mortality. Moreover, technology solutions for automation of commissioning, quality assurance, safety tests, image segmentation, and plan optimization will be required. Although a large fraction of cancer patients receive radiotherapy, this is certainly not reflected in the worldwide budget for radiotherapy research. Differently from the pharmaceutical companies‐driven research, resources for research in radiotherapy are highly limited to equipment vendors, who can, in turn, initiate a limited number of collaborations with academic research centers. Thus, enhancement of investments in technology‐driven radiotherapy research via public funds, national governments, and the European Union would have a crucial societal impact. It would allow for radiotherapy to further strengthen its role as a highly effective and cost‐efficient cancer treatment modality, and it could facilitate a rapid and equalitarian large‐scale transfer of technology to clinic, with direct impact on patient care.

International survey; current practice in On-line adaptive radiotherapy (ART) delivered using Magnetic Resonance Image (MRI) guidance

“…Bearing in mind contouring is the weakest link in the chain in the radiotherapy pathway, the best way forward to make the workflow more efficient whilst maintaining or improving quality must be considered. Artificial intelligence (AI) could have an important role here and is under intense investigation at present [24,25]. However, a human element will most probably remain, and the role and responsibilities will need to be defined.…”

Breast-Conserving Therapy is Associated with Better Survival than Mastectomy in Early-Stage Breast Cancer: A Propensity Score Analysis

“…[7] It is increasingly vital to re-examine survival outcomes for mastectomy and BCT, to inform an optimal surgery choice for the individual patient, especially with the development of radiotherapy techniques which can eliminate micrometastasis. [8] In our study, we aimed to compare the OS rate between BCT and mastectomy in a large number of early-stage breast cancer patients. We further explored survival outcomes in breast cancer patients strati ed by tumor subtypes, age, tumor, and lymph node stage in the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) database.…”

Beam Monitors for Tomorrow: The Challenges of Electron and Photon FLASH RT

“…In parallel, the emergent and highly promising FLASH RT is proposing a completely different dose fractionation, which consists in the delivery of a single irradiation at ultrahigh instantaneous dose-rates (up to 10 7 Gy/s in each µs pulse) in a very short time (<200 ms) [1,2].…”