“…The empirical evidence suggests that the main impact of IT application has been to reinforce existing structures of communication, authority, and power in organizations, whether centralized or decentralized (Attewell & Rule, 1984;Danziger et al, 1982;Dutton & Kraemer, 1977, 1978George & King, 1991;King, 1983;Kraemer, 1980;Laudon, 1974;Pinsonneault, 1990;Pinsonneault & Kraemer, 1997Robey, 1981). This finding is consistent in research on computerization in both city and federal agencies.…”