Technology and Process Design for Phenols Recovery from Industrial Chicory (Chicorium intybus) Leftovers

Abstract

Vegetal leftovers from the agro–food industry represent a huge source of primary and secondary metabolites, vitamin, mineral salts and soluble as well as insoluble fibers. Economic reports on the growth in the polyphenol market have driven us to focus our investigation on chicory (Chicorium intybus L.), which is one of the most popular horticultural plants in the world and a rich source of phenolic compounds. Ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE), microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) and their simultaneous combination, using either ethanol/water or water alone (also sub-critical), have been investigated with the aim of designing a green and efficient extraction process. Higher total-polyphenol yields as well as dramatic reductions in extraction times and solvent consumption have been obtained under these conditions. ANOVA test for analyses of variance followed by the Tukey honestly significant difference (HSD) post-hoc test of multiple comparisons was used in the statistical analysis. MAE experiments performed with sub-critical water, and MW/US experiments with an ethanol solution have shown polyphenol recovery values of up to ~3 g of gallic acid equivalents (GAE) per kg of fresh material in only 15 min, while conventional extraction required 240 min to obtain the same result.

Artichoke Biorefinery: From Food to Advanced Technological Applications

“…The effect of time and temperature were also investigated. Over-exposure to micro wave radiation for longer times (>30 min) can determine a decrease in the extract yield and phenol recovery due to the degradation of bioactive organic compounds present in the biomass [ 43 ]. In the present study, no significant differences were found between 5 and 10 min as extraction time.…”

Boosting the Ni‐Catalyzed Hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) of Anisole Using Scrap Catalytic Converters

“…In order to prepare the catalysts, SCATs were initially washed to extract and remove the carbonaceous contaminants using an ultrasonic (US) bath, among the less time consuming and energy intensive techniques for these types of purposes. [ 55 ] Thus, Ni/SiO 2 and Ni/SCATs were prepared via a solventless mechanochemical approach by first grinding together SiO 2 or washed SCATs and a Ni salt (nickel nitrate or nickel chloride) in a ball milling. In order to make it usable as co‐catalysts, also pure SCATs were prepared by first treating washed SCATs in a ball milling to smash the larger pieces without introducing any additional metal salt.…”

Recent Technologies for the Extraction and Separation of Polyphenols in Different Plants: A Review

“…Moreira et al [46] demonstrated the antibacterial effect against different bacteria and yeast of polyphenols isolated from the subcritical water extraction (SWE) of grapevine. Cova et al [47] also studied the effect of SWE on the extraction of chicory polyphenols. They found that the maximum recovery rate of polyphenols in fresh chicory was 3 g gallic acid equivalent per kg.…”