Technologies of the Body: Polite Consumption and the Correction of Deformity in Eighteenth‐Century England

Abstract

Advertisements for a variety of products aimed at correcting or concealing physical 'deformities' -including rupture trusses, artificial limbs, and more elaborate machines to correct posture by straightening the spine -were prominent features of later eighteenth-century newspapers. This article examines ways in which these products offered ways of fashioning the body that not only restored functional capability, but also offered aesthetic improvement, producing a shape that both appeared 'natural' and was pleasing to others. Indeed, although many technologies of the body may have been intended first and foremost to restore the injured to economic productivity, manufacturers used a language of polite commerce to address users not as medicalized 'patients' but as sophisticated consumers. The development of these products took place against a cultural shift in which using artificial means to effect physical 'improvement' lost its previous association with pride and became prescribed as a duty for those wishing to succeed in polite society. This article shows how concepts of politeness and technologies of the body were interwoven in complex and surprising ways, and uses its material to question the status of these products as 'medical'. In the process, it examines the ways in which suppliers addressed the aspirations and experiences of 'deformed' consumers in the eighteenth-century world of goods.

Men's Sexual Health in Early Modern England

“…63 As the eighteenth century progressed and trusses improved, concerns, concurrently outside of medical literature, shifted away from fertility to focus on the visual aesthetic of the body. 64 60 Isbrand van Diemerbroeck, The Anatomy of Human Bodies, Comprehending the Most Modern Varicose hernias were the most threatening to fertility. Peter Lowe explained that in such cases there was a dilation of the veins that nourish the testicles, this swelling could be caused by the membranes becoming full of melancholic blood or gross humours.…”