Technologies for the new millennium: photovoltaics as a distributed resource

Abstract

As we enter the new millennium, photovoltaics (PV) is emerging as an important distributed resource. PV gives both the benefits of a distributed resource and a clean power source. Because PV can be located at both residential and commercial locations, it can be used to reduce peak demand when its output is properly matched with load usage. It can also improve asset utilization by requiring less large capital generation spending and delaying some equipment replacement. With the price of some grid-connected PV systems expected to reach $3/W in the next 5 years, PV will become an economical option for distributed power generation. One of the most important aspects of establishing PV as a distributed resource is standardizing the requirements for grid connection. IEEE Standards Coordinating Committee (SCC) 21 has recently published IEEE Std 929 "Recommend Practice for Utility Interface of Photovoltaic Systems."This recommended practice details power quality, safety, and protection requirements for connection to the utility grid. This paper describes what types of PV systems are available, what the benefits are for PV systems, and what the interconnection issues and solutions are for using PV as a distributed resource.

Diseño, construcción y evaluación de un sistema de seguimiento solar para un panel fotovoltaico

“…Independientemente de la intermitencia de la luz solar, la energía solar está ampliamente disponible y completamente libre de costo (Kroposki and DeBlasio, 2000).…”

“…Regardless of the flash of sunlight, solar energy is widely available and completely free of charge (Kroposki and DeBlasio, 2000).…”

A novel control strategy for fast tracking of photovoltaic maximum power point voltage

“…This shows that the size of the resource is enormous. The demand for photovoltaic sources is also significant as photovoltaic sources play a crucial role in distributed resources [2]. Thus, fuelled by this demand as well as the decreasing production costs, the solar photovoltaic industry is growing rapidly.…”

A Novel Maximum Power Point Tracking Method for the Photovoltaic System

“…The Kyoto agreement on global decrease of greenhouse emissions has prompted has prompted interest in and the importance of the issue of renewable energy sources to relieve the problem of greenhouse emissions. Photovoltaic is one of the important renewable energy sources [1][2][3]. The cost of the photovoltaic is on a falling trend and is expected to fall further as demand and production increases.…”

“…Therefore, the function of DC/DC power converter is addressed in the MPPT of solar cell array. (1) where Ts, t,ff and D are the switching period, turn-off time and duty ratio of the power electronic switch respectively, and Vo is the output voltage of DC/DC power converter. If the average voltage across the power electronic switch can be controlled to be proportional to the inductor current, the DC/DC power converter can be regarded as an active resistor (R).…”