Technologies for manufacturing of high angular resolution multilayer coated optics for the New Hard X-ray Mission

Orlandi, A.; Basso, S.; Borghi, G.; Binda, Riccardo; Citterio, O.; Grisoni, Gabriele; Kools, J.C.S.; Marioni, Fabio; Missaglia, Nadia; Negri, B.; Negri, Ronald E.; Pareschi, G.; Raimondi, Lorenzo; Ritucci, A.; Salmaso, B.; Sironi, G.; Spiga, D.; Subranni, R.; Tagliaferri, G.; Valsecchi, Giuseppe; Vernani, Dervis

doi:10.1117/12.887339

Cited by 4 publications

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“…The MLT RF sputtering facility [11] [12] has been used for the coating deposition on prototypes and samples. It has been designed to deposit W/Si or Pt/C multilayers onto mirror shells with diameter in the range 180 to 350 mm, i.e., similar to the size of the NHXM mirror shells in the baseline configuration.…”

Section: Multilayersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In particular, a well-experimented 95 bilayer W/Si multilayer structure has been deposited on MS297, whilst the MS185 and the MS350 are coated, for the first time, with two different 100 Pt/C graded bilayer coatings: the latter has a rescaled recipe to fit the larger incidence angle. All multilayers are deposited using the RF magnetron sputtering facility developed ad hoc at MLT [12] . The deposition machine has been also improved by the introduction of brand new control system and software for an accurate control of the process.…”

Section: Tdm2mentioning

confidence: 99%

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The optics system of the New Hard X-ray Mission: status report

et al. 2011

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The New Hard X-ray Mission (NHXM) is a space X-ray telescope project focused on the 0.2 to 80 keV energy band, coupled to good imaging, spectroscopic and polarimetry detectors. The mission is currently undergoing the Phase B study and it has been proposed to ESA as a small-size mission to be further studied in the context of the M3 call; even if the mission was not downselected for this call, its study is being continued by ASI. The required performance is reached with a focal length of 10 m and with four mirror modules, each of them composed of 70 NiCo electroformed mirror shells. The reflecting coating is a broadband graded multilayer film, and the focal plane is mounted onto an extensible bench. Three of the four modules are equipped with a camera made of two detectors positioned in series, a Silicon low energy detector covering the range 0.2 to 15 keV and a high energy detector based on CdTe sensitive from 10 keV up to 120 keV. The fourth module is dedicated to the polarimetry to be performed with enhanced imaging capabilities. In this paper the latest development in the design and manufacturing of the optics is presented. The design has been optimized in order to increase as much as possible the effective area in the high-energy band. The manufacturing of the mirror shells benefits from the latest development in the mandrel production (figuring and polishing), in the multilayer deposition and in the integration improvements.

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Section: Multilayersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Tdm2mentioning

confidence: 99%

The optics system of the New Hard X-ray Mission: status report

et al. 2011

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“…An extended design would consist of adding 20 innermost shells coated with Ni/C multilayers [10] to bring the maximum energy of sensitivity to 120 keV. A noticeable effort [11] has been made at INAF/Brera Astronomical Observatory (OAB) and Media-Lario Technologies (MLT) to upgrade the Nickel electroforming technique in order to maintain a good angular resolution in hard X-rays with a mirror thickness-to-radius ratio smaller than XMM's by a two-fold factor, and in spite of the stress induced by the multilayer coating. Prototypes of NHXM mirror modules with a few mirror shells were manufactured [9] , aiming at demonstrating the feasibility of mirrors with such angular resolutions, e.g., adopting an electroformed Nickel-Cobalt alloy, stiffer than pure Nickel [11] , and reducing the thickness of the gold layer used for the mirror release to improve the roughness [12] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A noticeable effort [11] has been made at INAF/Brera Astronomical Observatory (OAB) and Media-Lario Technologies (MLT) to upgrade the Nickel electroforming technique in order to maintain a good angular resolution in hard X-rays with a mirror thickness-to-radius ratio smaller than XMM's by a two-fold factor, and in spite of the stress induced by the multilayer coating. Prototypes of NHXM mirror modules with a few mirror shells were manufactured [9] , aiming at demonstrating the feasibility of mirrors with such angular resolutions, e.g., adopting an electroformed Nickel-Cobalt alloy, stiffer than pure Nickel [11] , and reducing the thickness of the gold layer used for the mirror release to improve the roughness [12] . The direct performance verification was done by measuring the X-ray PSF (Point Spread Function) up to 50 keV in full-illumination setup at PANTER (MPE, Germany) [13] , a reference X-ray facility for calibration of X-ray telescopes like ROSAT, Beppo-SAX, JET-X, SOHO/CDS, ABRIXAS, Chandra LETG, XMM, SWIFT/XRT, Suzaku.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Angular resolution measurements at SPring-8 of a hard x-ray optic for the New Hard X-ray Mission

et al. 2011

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The realization of X-ray telescopes with imaging capabilities in the hard (> 10 keV) X-ray band requires the adoption of optics with shallow (< 0.25 deg) grazing angles to enhance the reflectivity of reflective coatings. On the other hand, to obtain large collecting area, large mirror diameters (< 350 mm) are necessary. This implies that mirrors with focal lengths ≥10 m shall be produced and tested. Full-illumination tests of such mirrors are usually performed with onground X-ray facilities, aimed at measuring their effective area and the angular resolution; however, they in general suffer from effects of the finite distance of the X-ray source, e.g. a loss of effective area for double reflection. These effects increase with the focal length of the mirror under test; hence a "partial" full-illumination measurement might not be fully representative of the in-flight performances. Indeed, a pencil beam test can be adopted to overcome this shortcoming, because a sector at a time is exposed to the X-ray flux, and the compensation of the beam divergence is achieved by tilting the optic. In this work we present the result of a hard X-ray test campaign performed at the BL20B2 beamline of the SPring-8 synchrotron radiation facility, aimed at characterizing the Point Spread Function (PSF) of a multilayer-coated Wolter-I mirror shell manufactured by Nickel electroforming. The mirror shell is a demonstrator for the NHXM hard X-ray imaging telescope (0.3 -80 keV), with a predicted HEW (Half Energy Width) close to 20 arcsec. We show some reconstructed PSFs at monochromatic X-ray energies of 15 to 63 keV, and compare them with the PSFs computed from post-campaign metrology data, self-consistently treating profile and roughness data by means of a method based on the Fresnel diffraction theory. The modeling matches the measured PSFs accurately.

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“…10,11,12,13,14 Several groups, including a group at NASA Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC) have already developed HXR optics with improved performance over what is currently being flown. 15,16,17 SuperHERO will take advantage of the optics being developed at MSFC, which are much better than 30 arcsec, to provide an improved view of the HXR universe.…”

Section: Scientific Motivationmentioning

confidence: 99%

SuperHERO: the next generation hard x-ray HEROES telescope

et al. 2014

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SuperHERO is a new high-resolution, Long Duration Balloon-capable, hard-x-ray (20-75 keV) focusing telescope for making novel astrophysics and heliophysics observations. The SuperHERO payload, currently in its proposal phase, is being developed jointly by the Astrophysics Office at NASA Marshall Space Flight Center and the Solar Physics Laboratory and the Wallops Flight Facility at NASA Goddard Space Flight Center. SuperHERO is a follow-on payload to the High Energy Replicated Optics to Explore the Sun (HEROES) balloon-borne telescope that recently flew from Fort Sumner, NM in September of 2013, and will utilize many of the same features. Significant enhancements to the HEROES payload will be made, including the addition of optics, novel solid-state multi-pixel CdTe detectors, integration of the Wallops Arc-Second Pointer and a significantly lighter gondola suitable for Long Duration Flights.

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Technologies for manufacturing of high angular resolution multilayer coated optics for the New Hard X-ray Mission

Cited by 4 publications

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The optics system of the New Hard X-ray Mission: status report

The optics system of the New Hard X-ray Mission: status report

Angular resolution measurements at SPring-8 of a hard x-ray optic for the New Hard X-ray Mission

SuperHERO: the next generation hard x-ray HEROES telescope

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