“…Previous studies of talk moves (Beck et al, 1996; McKeown & Beck, 2004; Michener et al, 2018) have not centered on vocabulary instruction within the context of early-elementary science lessons. Vocabulary instruction within science lessons may be different from vocabulary instruction within ELA lessons due to discipline-specific language and literacy practices (Bravo & Cervetti, 2008; Gotwals et al, 2022; Moje, 2007; Wright, 2020) and instructional practices (Lee et al, 2013; National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, 2021). In this study, we examined VTMs within science instruction to understand how these align with discipline-specific recommendations for vocabulary instruction.…”