Technological trends, emerging applications and metallurgical strategies in antimony recovery from stibnite

Dembele, Seydou; Akçıl, Ata; Panda, Sandeep

doi:10.1016/j.mineng.2021.107304

Cited by 39 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 160 publications

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“…The refined antimony obtained from the process conformed to the grade 2N, which made it suitable for the production of various alloys, such as antifriction alloys, battery alloys, typographic alloys, and alloys used for cable sheaths [ 48 , 50 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of a Two-Stage Hydrometallurgical Process for Gold–Antimony Concentrate Treatment from the Olimpiadinskoe Deposit

Rusalev¹,

Rogozhnikov

Dizer

et al. 2023

Materials

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An integrated two-stage metallurgical process has been developed to process concentrates from the Olimpiadinskoe deposit, which contain high levels of antimony and arsenic. The optimal parameters for the alkaline sulfide leaching process of the initial concentrate from the Olimpiadinskoe deposit were determined to achieve the maximum extraction of antimony at a 99% level. The recommended parameters include an L:S ratio of 4.5:1, a sodium sulfide concentration of 61 g/L, a sodium hydroxide concentration of 16.5 g/L, a duration of 3 h, and a temperature of 50 °C. A synergistic effect of co-processing alkaline sulfide leach cakes with sulfuric and nitric acids was observed. The pre-treatment step reduced the nitric acid composition by converting carbonates into gypsum and increased the arsenic extraction by 15% during subsequent nitric acid leaching. The laboratory research on the nitric acid leaching of decarbonized cake established the key parameters for the maximum iron and arsenic extraction in solution (92% and 98%, respectively), including an L:S ratio of 9:1, a nitric acid concentration of 6 mol/L, and a time of 90 min. Full polynomial equations for the iron and arsenic extraction from the decarbonized cake were derived. The model demonstrated a high relevance, as evidenced by the determination coefficients (R2) of 96.7% for iron and 93.2% for arsenic. The technology also achieved a high gold recovery rate of 95% from the two-stage alkaline sulfide and nitric acid leach cake. Furthermore, the maximum deposition of arsenic from the nitrate leach solution in the form of insoluble As2S3 was determined to be 99.9%. A basic technological flow sheet diagram for processing the flotation gold–antimony concentrate from the Olimpiadinskoe deposit was developed, including two stages: the production of metallic antimony and the gold extraction from the nitric leach cake.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of a Two-Stage Hydrometallurgical Process for Gold–Antimony Concentrate Treatment from the Olimpiadinskoe Deposit

Rusalev¹,

Rogozhnikov

Dizer

et al. 2023

Materials

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“…Some researchers discovered that amino phosphonic acid resin could successfully remove Sb(III) and Sb(V) in the copper electrolyte, with Sb(III) removal efficiency being significantly greater than Sb(V) [ 34 ]. Inorganic ion exchangers, including magnesium−aluminum, copper–aluminum, and other layered double hydroxides, are also employed for ion exchange to remove Sb in addition to organic ion exchangers.…”

Section: Antimony and Arsenic Pollution Treatment Technologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Frontier Materials for Adsorption of Antimony and Arsenic in Aqueous Environments: A Review

Song

Zheng

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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As highly toxic and carcinogenic substances, antimony and arsenic often coexist and cause compound pollution. Heavy metal pollution in water significantly threatens human health and the ecological environment. This article elaborates on the sources and hazards of compound antimony and arsenic contamination and systematically discusses the research progress of treatment technology to remove antimony and arsenic in water. Due to the advantages of simple operation, high removal efficiency, low economic cost, and renewable solid and sustainable utilization, adsorption technology for removing antimony and arsenic from sewage stand out among many treatment technologies. The adsorption performance of adsorbent materials is the key to removing antimony and arsenic in water. Therefore, this article focused on summarizing frontier adsorption materials’ characteristics, adsorption mechanism, and performance, including MOFs, COFs, graphene, and biomass materials. Then, the research and application progress of antimony and arsenic removal by frontier materials were described. The adsorption effects of various frontier adsorption materials were objectively analyzed and comparatively evaluated. Finally, the characteristics, advantages, and disadvantages of various frontier adsorption materials in removing antimony and arsenic from water were summarized to provide ideas for improving and innovating adsorption materials for water pollution treatment.

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“…3 Pyrometallurgy and hydrometallurgy are the two main methods of antimony metallurgy. 4,5 However, both pyrometallurgy and hydrometallurgy have their own shortcomings at present. Although pyrometallurgy is capable of smelting ores of various grades, it consumes more energy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Kinetics of microwave carbothermal reduction of Sb₂O₃: Isothermal and non‐isothermal microwave thermogravimetric analysis

Yang,

Liu,

Zhu

et al. 2024

Asia-Pacific J Chem Eng

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Kinetics of antimony production via carbothermal reduction of Sb2O3–carbon powder–NaCl mixture using microwave and conventional heating was investigated to identify the dominant controlling mechanism. Results of conventional heating revealed the temperature range of conventional carbothermal reduction reaction is 500°C to 800°C, with the average activation energy of each stage being 81.97 kJ/mol (α = 0.1–0.5), 65.17 kJ/mol (α = 0.5–0.75), and 69.86 kJ/mol (α = 0.75–1.0), respectively. In the microwave field, the carbothermal reduction reaction of raw materials can be completed at 600°C to obtain antimony, and the weight loss data of the carbothermal reduction process were recorded for the first time. The above results show that the microwave field enhanced the interfacial chemical effect, accelerated the interfacial diffusion from the metal phase to the oxide phase, and reduced the activation energy of the carbon thermal reduction process to 6.85 kJ/mol. The growth index of antimony grain growth process is estimated to be 4.33, controlled by the surface diffusion. These data provide a reliable theoretical basis for studying the reduction reactions of minerals in microwave fields.

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Technological trends, emerging applications and metallurgical strategies in antimony recovery from stibnite

Cited by 39 publications

References 160 publications

Development of a Two-Stage Hydrometallurgical Process for Gold–Antimony Concentrate Treatment from the Olimpiadinskoe Deposit

Development of a Two-Stage Hydrometallurgical Process for Gold–Antimony Concentrate Treatment from the Olimpiadinskoe Deposit

Frontier Materials for Adsorption of Antimony and Arsenic in Aqueous Environments: A Review

Kinetics of microwave carbothermal reduction of Sb₂O₃: Isothermal and non‐isothermal microwave thermogravimetric analysis

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Technological trends, emerging applications and metallurgical strategies in antimony recovery from stibnite

Cited by 39 publications

References 160 publications

Development of a Two-Stage Hydrometallurgical Process for Gold–Antimony Concentrate Treatment from the Olimpiadinskoe Deposit

Development of a Two-Stage Hydrometallurgical Process for Gold–Antimony Concentrate Treatment from the Olimpiadinskoe Deposit

Frontier Materials for Adsorption of Antimony and Arsenic in Aqueous Environments: A Review

Kinetics of microwave carbothermal reduction of Sb2O3: Isothermal and non‐isothermal microwave thermogravimetric analysis

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Kinetics of microwave carbothermal reduction of Sb₂O₃: Isothermal and non‐isothermal microwave thermogravimetric analysis