Technological review on thermochemical conversion of COVID-19-related medical wastes

Purnomo, Chandra Wahyu; Kurniawan, Winarto; Aziz, Muhammad

doi:10.1016/j.resconrec.2021.105429

Cited by 96 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 111 publications

(127 reference statements)

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“…However, the main challenges of incineration processes are the implementation of proper flue gas treatment technology and proper carbon dioxide capture and storage technology. They also have high carbon emissions and high emissions of harmful flue gases [40]. Additionally, the drying of wastes in the rainy season is very difficult, which is a great disadvantage of the incineration process and a large amount of fuel is required to execute the incineration process [9].…”

Section: Proposed Wte Conversion Technologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The main challenge of pyrolysis is the development of the technology to maturity. It is also not suitable for plastic and rubber wastes [40]. Tar removal technology is one of the main technological challenges of the gasification process [40].…”

Section: Proposed Wte Conversion Technologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is also not suitable for plastic and rubber wastes [40]. Tar removal technology is one of the main technological challenges of the gasification process [40]. The pretreatment process is very costly in the gasification process [5].…”

Section: Proposed Wte Conversion Technologymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Municipal Solid Waste Management and Waste-to-Energy Potential from Rajshahi City Corporation in Bangladesh

et al. 2021

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Waste management is becoming one of the most challenging tasks for developing countries in order to ensure good human health, as well as a healthy environment. Rajshahi City Corporation (RCC) is one of the 12 city corporations in Bangladesh. Various environmental and human health problems have arisen due to a lack of proper knowledge of waste management. Thus, the aim of this work is to illustrate the present status of MSW generation and management in Rajshahi City Corporation, Bangladesh. Fifty households were selected throughout RCC for waste collection, which represent approximately all types of households in RCC. From the qualitative and quantitative analysis, it is estimated that the approximate MSW generation in RCC is 358.19 t/d (tons/day) at an approximate rate of 0.4214 kg/person/d. Calorific values of the wastes have also been determined using the ultimate analysis results of the MSW. A higher calorific value of the dry MSW has been calculated as 14.9 MJ/kg. Moisture content of the MSW has been found to be 48.28%. It is also estimated that the possible power generation (steam energy to electrical power) from MSW generated in RCC is 159.40 MWh/d. Lastly, future scopes of MSW management and different waste management measures that need to be taken are illustrated. Waste-to-energy (WTE) conversion has been given priority and anaerobic digestion (AD) has been found to be an interesting prospect in this sector. Techno-economic analysis of the AD has been conducted. Energy potential from the proposed plant has been calculated as 3.85 MW and the payback period has been found to be 4.9 years. It has been observed that employing AD on a large scale can not only reduce the waste, but also meet a large portion of the energy demand of this city.

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Section: Proposed Wte Conversion Technologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Proposed Wte Conversion Technologymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Municipal Solid Waste Management and Waste-to-Energy Potential from Rajshahi City Corporation in Bangladesh

et al. 2021

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“…Jung et al (Jung et al 2021 ) suggested an environmentally benign process: CO 2 was used as a reaction medium for pyrolysis of the single-use face mask, resulting in the production of H 2 and various ranges of hydrocarbons. Purnomo et al (Purnomo et al 2021 ) reviewed the main thermochemical conversion technologies available for the conversion of COVID-19-related medical wastes (CMW). Incineration, gasification, and pyrolysis are considered able to facilitate the conversion of a wide range of medical waste types.…”

Section: Possible Solutionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plastic and its consequences during the COVID-19 pandemic

Sousa

Bastos²

2021

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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During the pandemic outbreak of COVID-19, the important role of plastic becomes evident since vital equipment such as respirators have plastic parts, as well as personal protective equipment (PPE), which avoids the transmission of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, is made of plastic. So, plastic during a pandemic is considered a life savior in the struggle against the virus. However, the same material that is a protector becomes a polluter when inadequately disposed of in the environment, generating or worsening socio-environmental problems, such as pollution of water bodies by plastic. This work proposes a reflection about the role and the importance of plastic in our society, bringing an overview of its main applications and consequences during the COVID-19 pandemic, correlating its use with aspects related to environmental problems and public health. Some questions revolving around the concerns caused by plastic pollution are posed, and some possible solutions to the problems are outlined.

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“…The policies and experience of CW management in Wuhan city have been summarized in previous studies [6] , [12] , [13] . Before the COVID-19 outbreak, CW had been predominantly treated in centralized disinfection facilities and CW incinerators which can handle steady-state conditions [6] , [14] . However, during COVID-19 outbreak, co-incineration had to be performed to manage the dramatic increase in CW.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Repercussions of clinical waste co-incineration in municipal solid waste incinerator during COVID-19 pandemic

Lan

Hua

et al. 2022

Journal of Hazardous Materials

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During coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, the exponential increase in clinical waste (CW) generation has caused immense burden to CW treatment facilities. Co-incineration of CW in municipal solid waste incinerator (MSWI) is an emergency treatment method. A material flow model was developed to estimate the change in feedstock characteristics and resulting acid gas emission under different CW co-incineration ratios. The ash contents and lower heating values of the feedstocks, as well as HCl concentrations in flue gas showed an upward trend. Subsequently, 72 incineration residue samples were collected from a MSWI performing co-incineration (CW ratio <10 wt%) in Wuhan city, China, followed by 20 incineration residues samples from waste that were not co-incineration. The results showed that the contents of major elements and non-volatile heavy metals in the air pollution control residues increased during co-incineration but were within the reported ranges, whereas those in the bottom ashes revealed no significant changes. The impact of CW co-incineration at a ratio <10 wt% on the distribution of elements in the incineration residues was not significant. However, increase in alkali metals and HCl in flue gas may cause potential boiler corrosion. These results provide valuable insights into pollution control in MSWI during pandemic.

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Technological review on thermochemical conversion of COVID-19-related medical wastes

Cited by 96 publications

References 111 publications

Municipal Solid Waste Management and Waste-to-Energy Potential from Rajshahi City Corporation in Bangladesh

Municipal Solid Waste Management and Waste-to-Energy Potential from Rajshahi City Corporation in Bangladesh

Plastic and its consequences during the COVID-19 pandemic

Repercussions of clinical waste co-incineration in municipal solid waste incinerator during COVID-19 pandemic

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