Technological Innovations of Carbon Dioxide Injection in EAF-LF Steelmaking

Wei, Guangsheng; Zhu, Rong; Wu, Xuetao; Dong, Kai; Yang, Lingzhi; Liu, Runzao

doi:10.1007/s11837-018-2814-3

Cited by 44 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…In Eqs. (5) to (7), v i is the fluid flow velocity in the direction i, m/s; G k is represents the turbulent kinetic energy of average velocity gradients while G b is the turbulent kinetic energy of buoyancy; Y M is the turbulent dissipation rate, J; σ k and σ ε are, respectively, the turbulent Prandtl numbers of k and ε; S k and S ε are the defined source terms, J; and in this study, C 1ε = 1.6, C 2ε = 1.92, C 3ε = 0.8 C μ = 0.09, σ k = 1.0 and σ ε = 1.3.…”

Section: Governing Equations and Their Closure Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[1][2][3] Generally, the main raw material for slag making in an electric arc furnace (EAF) is lime (CaO) and the traditional methods of lime addition into the EAF include lime addition into the scrap bucket in advance by the conveyor system and lime addition directly into the EAF molten bath through the roof feed system of EAF. 4,5) The lime used in the above methods are in lump, which leads to slower melting rate of lumpy lime and lower dephosphorization and desulphurization efficiency. 6,7) Therefore, the technology of O 2 -CaO jet was developed to deliver lime powder directly into the EAF molten bath by carrier gas of high speed, which demonstrates some advantages in quick melting and effective phosphorus removal.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fluid Dynamics Analysis of O<sub>2</sub>–CaO Jet with a Shrouding Flame for EAF Steelmaking

et al. 2020

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Compared with the traditional addition methods of lumpy lime into the electric arc furnace (EAF) for slag making, the technology of O 2-CaO jet can deliver lime powder directly into the EAF molten bath with high speed carrier gas, which demonstrates much advantages in quick melting and effective phosphorus removal. Recently, the shrouding combustion flame was proposed and applied to strengthen the CaO import capability of the O 2-CaO jet. In this study, combining the discrete particle model (DPM) and the Eddy Dissipation Concept (EDC) model with the detailed chemical kinetic mechanisms (GRI-Mech 3.0), computational fluid dynamics (CFD) models of the O 2-CaO jet with shrouding flame, with shrouding O 2 and without shrouding gas were developed. The numerical results of CFD models were firstly validated by the experimental data. The interaction between the particles and the gas jet of the O 2-CaO jet was analyzed and how the shrouding combustion flame affected the fluid flow characteristics of the O 2-CaO jet were clarified. The shrouding high-temperature combustion flame could delay the attenuation of the axial velocity of the O 2-CaO jet, heat the CaO particles effectively and make the CaO particles cluster together in a much longer distance, which is helpful to strengthen the jet impact, accelerate the meltdown of CaO particles and improve the utilization efficiency of CaO.

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Section: Governing Equations and Their Closure Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fluid Dynamics Analysis of O<sub>2</sub>–CaO Jet with a Shrouding Flame for EAF Steelmaking

et al. 2020

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“…[43] For many years, the author of this study has mainly studied the application of CO 2 to steelmaking, particularly in the converter smelting process. [44][45][46][47][48][49] Based on the industrial examination of CO 2 blowing at the bottom of a 120 t converter, many metallurgical advantages of the use of CO 2 gas in converter steelmaking have been verified. At the end of this article, two CO 2 recycling processes used by iron and steel enterprises are described.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Industrial Application of Bottom–Blown CO₂ in Basic Oxygen Furnace Steelmaking Process

Feng

Zhu

Liu

et al. 2021

steel research int.

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A significant amount of CO 2 is emitted and utilized in the production processes engaged by iron and steel enterprises. Herein, the feasibility and principles of CO 2 participation in the steelmaking process are analyzed, and an industrial examination of bottom-blown CO 2 smelting in a 120 t converter is performed; this serves to summarize and verify the metallurgical advantages of CO 2 participation in the converter steelmaking process. The injection of CO 2 improves the effects of dephosphorization and denitrification, reduces the end-point oxygen content of molten steel, diminishes the consumption of the slagging agent, and contributes to a reduction in production costs and improvement in product quality. This study analyzes two different recycling paths of CO 2 in iron and steel enterprises, providing a new mechanism for CO 2 emission reduction.

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“…It was found that the dust generation rate of the COMI process was reduced by about 19.3%, and the dephosphorization rate was increased by 7.53-13.39%, compared with the conventional steelmaking process. 8,10,11 This technology has also been successfully applied to the electric arc furnace, 12 ladle furnace, 13 and Rheinstahl-Heraeus furnace 14 processes. In our previous work, 3,15 vanadium extraction with mixed CO 2 -O 2 injection has proven to be an effective way for vanadium extraction, in which CO 2 was used as a gas coolant to replace the solid coolants.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oxidation Mechanism During Pyrometallurgical Vanadium Extraction Process Using CO2-Containing Gas

You

et al. 2021

JOM

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In the present work, the oxidation characterization and mechanism of vanadium extraction by bottom injection of CO 2 were investigated based on laboratory experiments and pilot tests. In addition, variations of the compositions of all stable phases including gas, hot metal, slag, and spinel during the vanadium extraction process through injecting pure O 2 , 15 vol.% CO 2 -85 vol.% O 2 , and 30 vol.% CO 2 -70 vol.% O 2 gases were simulated based on the recently optimized vanadium-containing oxides database stored in FactSage software. As a consequence, oxidation of vanadium by CO 2 was an apparent secondorder reaction. Transformation of dissolved vanadium to vanadium-containing spinel can be enhanced with bottom injection of 15 vol.% CO 2 -85 vol.% O 2 into the hot metal. With the increase of bottom injected CO 2 from 15 vol.% to 30 vol.%, the oxidation of dissolved vanadium could be restrained due to the reduction of oxygen potential originating from partial replacement of O 2 by CO 2 .

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Technological Innovations of Carbon Dioxide Injection in EAF-LF Steelmaking

Cited by 44 publications

References 26 publications

Fluid Dynamics Analysis of O<sub>2</sub>–CaO Jet with a Shrouding Flame for EAF Steelmaking

Fluid Dynamics Analysis of O<sub>2</sub>–CaO Jet with a Shrouding Flame for EAF Steelmaking

Industrial Application of Bottom–Blown CO₂ in Basic Oxygen Furnace Steelmaking Process

Oxidation Mechanism During Pyrometallurgical Vanadium Extraction Process Using CO2-Containing Gas

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Technological Innovations of Carbon Dioxide Injection in EAF-LF Steelmaking

Cited by 44 publications

References 26 publications

Fluid Dynamics Analysis of O<sub>2</sub>–CaO Jet with a Shrouding Flame for EAF Steelmaking

Fluid Dynamics Analysis of O<sub>2</sub>–CaO Jet with a Shrouding Flame for EAF Steelmaking

Industrial Application of Bottom–Blown CO2 in Basic Oxygen Furnace Steelmaking Process

Oxidation Mechanism During Pyrometallurgical Vanadium Extraction Process Using CO2-Containing Gas

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Industrial Application of Bottom–Blown CO₂ in Basic Oxygen Furnace Steelmaking Process