Technological Conditions for the Coagulation of Wastewater from Cosmetic Industry

Abstract

Coagulation is often used for the pre-treatment of industry wastewater, with effectiveness strictly dependent on technological conditions. This study aimed at determining what technological parameters of coagulation of cosmetic industry wastewater provide the highest efficiency of clarification. The dosages of reagents, the order of dosing, as well as the one-and two-stage processes were investigated. The samples of raw wastewater were collected from average daily effluent from a cosmetics manufacturing plant. Liquid coagulant PIX 111 (FeCl 3 ) and NaOH as a pH-adjusting agent were used. Jar-test experiments were carried out to determine the optimum conditions for turbidity and total organic carbon (TOC) removal. The efficiency of clarification was high (90-99%) across a wide range of pH values (6-9) and coagulant doses (0.5-1.25 mL/L). What is important is that the coagulant dose of 0.56 mL/L provided 97.6% clarification efficiency without the addition of the alkali. The minimal stoichiometric excess of alkalinity for effective coagulation was 0.5 mmol/L. In all samples, the removal efficiency for TOC was lower than for turbidity, because some of the organic carbon forms were non-coagulating dissolved compounds. The wastewater from tonic and fluid production was very susceptible to coagulation. The addition of the coagulant before the alkali resulted in better wastewater treatment efficiency than the reverse order. Single-stage process with optimal doses of the reagents allowed to clarify wastewater to a level of 10 NTU. On the other hand, the two-stage process brought the turbidity down to 1 NTU level.

Magnetite and Hematite in Advanced Oxidation Processes Application for Cosmetic Wastewater Treatment

“…A lot of research on CW treatment have been done. Some of them include conventional wastewater treatment methods including coagulation [9][10][11], DAF [9,12], or electro-coagulation [13]. Furthermore, alternative treatment methods including membrane [14], dissolved ozone flotation (DOF) [15], and advanced oxidation processes (AOP), such as Fenton [10,[16][17][18][19], zero-valent Fenton [14,20,21], photo-Fenton [22], TiO 2 [23], or magnetite [24] have been tested.…”

Magnetite, Hematite and Zero-Valent Iron as Co-Catalysts in Advanced Oxidation Processes Application for Cosmetic Wastewater Treatment

“…The oxidation of organic compounds occurs at high speed in the presence of oxalates. Complex compounds with carboxylic acids under UV radiation reduce the iron, and alkyl radical and carbon dioxide are produced (reaction (13)). These reactions lead to the fast mineralization of organic compounds in wastewater.…”

“…In order to increase the effectiveness of CW treatment, the possibilities of improving classically used coagulation and DAF processes were investigated [12][13][14][15]. Advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) [15][16][17][18][19] and the improvement of biological treatment [20][21][22][23] were also tested.…”

Use of Waste from the Food Industry and Applications of the Fermentation Process to Create Sustainable Cosmetic Products: A Review

“…Moreover, the use of biodegradable, recyclable and reusable packaging and the introduction of changes in the distribution of products, for example, by reducing the frequency of delivery and miles of transportation, also allows for reducing water consumption [43,44]. The appropriate handling of wastewater from the cosmetic industry, namely using purification methods, such as coagulation, advanced oxidation, or biological treatment, allows reducing the toxicity of wastewater [45].…”