Technological aspects of the synthesis of 2,4-dichlorophenol

Abstract

Technological aspects of the synthesis of 2,4-dichlorophenol The main factors influencing the selectivity of chlorophenols synthesis were described. The loss of raw materials and the composition of wastes obtained in a conventional technology of 2,4-D production based on 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP) of the 89% purity were presented. The influence of some homogenous catalysts on the selectivity of 2,4-dichlorophenol obtained in phenol and chlorine reaction was examined. Using the combined catalyst enables to chlorinate selectively the monochlorophenols to 2,4-DCP without an undesirable increasing of the 2,6-dichlorophenol and 2,4,6-trichlorophenol contents. The catalyst transformations during the reaction of phenol chlorination were investigated and the method of its elimination after the reaction was elaborated.

Photodegradation of 2,4-Dichlorophenol in Aqueous Systems under Simulated and Natural Sunlight

“…Dichlorophenols are widely used in organic synthesis for the production of pharmaceuticals, disinfectants, preservatives, insecticides, fungicides, and herbicides [2]. They are attractive initial substrates which are used in industry, for example, for the production of higher chlorophenols [3]. 2,4-Dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP) is a compound characterized by high toxicity to living organisms so even the small amount released into the environment can pose serious consequences [4,5].…”

Adsorptive and Electrochemical Properties of Carbon Nanotubes, Activated Carbon, and Graphene Oxide with Relatively Similar Specific Surface Area

“…One of the most important herbicides, 2,4dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), is used in several countries to control weeds. Even over 70 years after its introduction, 2,4-D continues to be the most common and widely used herbicide worldwide [2,3]. It is directly applied onto soil or sprayed over crop fields and, from there, often reaches surface waters and sediments.…”

Life cycle assessment of high-protective clothing for complex emergency operations

“…For conventional fabric antibacterial treatment, Triclosan has been considered (Orhan, Kut, & Cunesoglu, 2007). Data available in the literature (Bialek & Moszczynski, 2009;Grant, 2000;United States Patent 3794587, 1974;United States Patent 7211704, 2003) have been used to evaluate the environmental impact of its synthesis. Energy required in the synthesis of the functional component has been computed assuming the specific calorific value of water (Cp = 1 cal/g) even when other solvents are used.…”